{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T01:03:20Z","timestamp":1789866200813,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,8]],"date-time":"2008-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":403,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Med Anthropol Q"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this article, I report findings from a comparative study of Israeli and German genetic counselors. Specifically, it concerns counselors' attitudes and risk assessments relating to prenatal diagnosis of sex chromosome anomalies (SCAs) such as Klinefelter and Turner syndromes. Data collected through in\u2010depth interviews with counselors in both countries (N = 32) are presented, and the types of claims experts deploy in their personal and professional estimation of the risks involved in SCAs are analyzed. The article concludes by suggesting that the counselors rhetoric concerning SCAs, whose major manifestation is the future infertility of the unborn child as well as their estimations of the related risks, should be situated in a broader cultural context, that of local Israeli and German understandings of the importance of fertility, and not in their professional nondirective ethos. Hence, to understand the practice of genetic counselors in two late\u2010modern societies, one must understand the unique relationship between the individual bodies of pregnant women and the body politics of their nations, a relationship mediated by the counselors, who are the bearers of knowledge and expertise in this field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1525\/maq.2006.20.4.469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,21]],"date-time":"2006-11-21T19:23:39Z","timestamp":1164137019000},"page":"469-486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Genetic Counseling for Sex Chromosome Anomalies (SCAs) in Israel and Germany: Assessing Medical Risks According to the Importance of Fertility in Two Cultures"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yael","family":"Hashiloni\u2010Dolev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity","author":"Beck Ulrich","year":"1992"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"Women of Labor: Women and Citizenship in Israel (Hebrew)","volume":"2","author":"Berkowitz Nitza","year":"1999","journal-title":"Israeli Sociology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"57","volume-title":"The New Role of Women: Family Formation in Modern Societies","author":"Blossfeld Hans\u2010Peter","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/136843199002003010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"The Normal and the Pathological","author":"Canguilhem Georges","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"149","volume-title":"Prescribing Our Future: Ethical Challenges in Genetic Counseling","author":"Caplan Arthur L.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"CIA2001The World Fact Book. Electronic document C.I.A.gov\/cia\/publications\/factbook accessed October 5."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91849-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"Kinderlosigkeit in Deutschland\u2010\u2010\u2010ein Massenphaenomen? Analysen zu Erscheinungsformen und Ursach","volume":"3","author":"Dorbritz Jurgen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Zeitschrift fuer Bevoelkerungswissenschaft"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203361832"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203426623"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Risk Acceptability According to the Social Sciences","author":"Douglas Mary","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203430866_chapter_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Risk and Culture: An Essay on the Selection of Technological and Environmental Dangers","author":"Douglas Mary","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2137633"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"EmbryoProtection Law1990Gesetz zum Schutz von Embryonen (Embryonenschutzgesetz\u2010\u2010\u2010EschG) December 13. BGBI. I. S. 2747."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(02)00218-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.00172"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Sex, Gender, Politics: Women in Israel","author":"Fogiel\u2010Bijaoui Sylvia","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"636","article-title":"Genetic Counseling","volume":"26","author":"Fraser F. Clarke","year":"1974","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"Gauthier A. H.1992The Western European Governments Attitudes and Responses to the Demographic and Family Questions. Paper presented at the European Science Foundation Conference St. Martin."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Modernity and Self\u2010identity: Self and Society in Late Modern Age","author":"Giddens Anthony","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511819766"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"In press What Is a Life (Un)Worthy of Living? Reproductive Genetics in Germany and Israel","author":"Hashiloni\u2010Dolev Yael"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/448879"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"Ivry Tsipy2004Pregnant with Meaning: Conceptions of Pregnancy in Japan and Israel.Ph.D. dissertation Department of Sociology and Anthropology Hebrew University of Jerusalem."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Jewish Medical Ethics: A Comparative and Historical Study of the Jewish Religious Attitude to Medicine and Its Practices","author":"Jakobovits Immanuel","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/9780822378204"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/513934.513937"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"The Tentative Pregnancy: How Amniocentesis Changes the Experience of Motherhood","author":"Katz\u2010Rothman Barbara","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Writing at the Margin: Discourse between Anthropology and Medicine","author":"Kleinman Arthur","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03605310490514243"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"German Bodies: Race and Representation after Hitler","author":"Linke Uli","year":"1999"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1017\/S0098858800007917","article-title":"Prenatal Genetic Testing and Screening: Constructing Needs and Reinforcing Inequities","volume":"17","author":"Lippman Abby","year":"1991","journal-title":"American Journal of Law and Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","first-page":"330","volume-title":"Knowledge, Power and Practice: The Anthropology of Medicine and Everyday Life","author":"Lock Margaret","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"Risk","author":"Lupton Deborah","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/494680"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203219515"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","unstructured":"Melamed Shoham2002The Janus Face of the \u201cDemographic Threat\u201d: Gender Ethnicity Nationalism and the Politics of Fertility in Israel in the 1950's.M.A. thesis Department of Sociology and Anthropology Tel\u2010Aviv University. [ Hebrew ]."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520311190","volume-title":"Protecting Motherhood: Women and the Family in the Politics of Postwar West Germany","author":"Moeller Robert G.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0981-2_14"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Medicine and Culture: Varieties of Treatment in the U.S., England, West Germany and France","author":"Payer Lynn","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Families in Israel (Hebrew)","author":"Peres Yohanan","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"Fertility Policy in Israel. The Politics of Religion, Gender and Nation","author":"Portugese Jacqueline","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Testing Women, Testing the Fetus: The Social Impact of Amniocentesis in America","author":"Rapp Rayna","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011084821700"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2006.00481.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"From Critical Sociology to the Sociology of Criticism: Comments on the Pragmatistic Sociology of Luc Boltanski","volume":"17","author":"Resnik Julia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Theory and Criticism"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","first-page":"278","volume-title":"Modern Jewish Fertility","author":"Schiff Gary Stuart","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088610999501000403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/maq.2003.17.1.78"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-3991(97)00051-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","volume-title":"A Guide to Prenatal Counseling","author":"Vardimon David","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","unstructured":"Von Cube Alex1989The Fertility Decline in the Federal Republic of Germany: A Political Analysis.Ph.D. dissertation Department of Political Science University of Maryland."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","volume-title":"Conditional Love: Parents' Attitudes toward Handicapped Children","author":"Weiss Meira","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781503617360"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","first-page":"299","article-title":"Society and the Not\u2010So\u2010New Genetics: What Are We Afraid of? Some Future Predictions from a Social Scientist","volume":"13","author":"Wertz Dorothy C.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","volume-title":"Genetics Approach Ethics: A Survey in 37 Nations","author":"Wertz Dorothy C.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0981-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","volume-title":"Proposed International Guidelines on Ethical Issues in Medical Genetics and Genetic Services, Human Genetics Program","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","volume-title":"The Problem of Medical Knowledge: Examining the Social Construction of Medicine","author":"Wright Peter","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","volume-title":"Re\u2010Unification and Reproductive Rights: Abortion in the German Public Sphere, 1989\u20101990. Working paper, Center for European Studies","author":"Andrea Wuerth","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-19865-8_6","volume-title":"Women\u2010Nation\u2010State","author":"Yuval\u2010Davis Nira","year":"1989"}],"container-title":["Medical Anthropology Quarterly"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1525%2Fmaq.2006.20.4.469","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1525\/maq.2006.20.4.469","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T14:02:23Z","timestamp":1700056943000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1525\/maq.2006.20.4.469"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1525\/maq.2006.20.4.469"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1525\/maq.2006.20.4.469","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0745-5194","1548-1387"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0745-5194","type":"print"},{"value":"1548-1387","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-01-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}