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Incisions are triggered when the nascent leading strand of a replication fork strikes the ICL. Here, we report that while purified XPF\u2010ERCC1 incises simple ICL\u2010containing model replication fork structures, the presence of a nascent leading strand, modelling the effects of replication arrest, inhibits this activity. Strikingly, the addition of the single\u2010stranded DNA (ssDNA)\u2010binding replication protein A (RPA) selectively restores XPF\u2010ERCC1 endonuclease activity on this structure. The 5\u2032\u20133\u2032 exonuclease SNM1A can load from the XPF\u2010ERCC1\u2010RPA\u2010induced incisions and digest past the crosslink to quantitatively complete the unhooking reaction. We postulate that these collaborative activities of XPF\u2010ERCC1, RPA and SNM1A might explain how ICL unhooking is achieved\n                    <jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201796664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,12]],"date-time":"2017-06-12T20:10:20Z","timestamp":1497298220000},"page":"2047-2060","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["RPA activates the XPF\u2010ERCC1 endonuclease to initiate processing of DNA interstrand crosslinks"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Ummi B","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna F","family":"McGouran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanja","family":"Brolih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Ptchelkine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afaf H","family":"El\u2010Sagheer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8679-4627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter J","family":"McHugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFEMBJ201796664_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11047","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1256","volume":"43","author":"CK Allerston","year":"2015","unstructured":"Allerston CK, Lee SY, Newman JA, Schofield CJ, McHugh PJ, Gileadi O (2015) The structures of the SNM1A and SNM1B\/Apollo nuclease domains reveal a potential basis for their distinct DNA processing activities. 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