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Virus entry into host cells occurs via membrane fusion in late endosomes; however, the mechanism of how the remarkably long virions undergo uncoating, including virion disassembly and nucleocapsid release into the cytosol, remains unknown. Here, we investigate the structural architecture of EBOVs entering host cells and discover that the VP40 matrix disassembles prior to membrane fusion. We reveal that VP40 disassembly is caused by the weakening of VP40\u2013lipid interactions driven by low endosomal pH that equilibrates passively across the viral envelope without a dedicated ion channel. We further show that viral membrane fusion depends on VP40 matrix integrity, and its disassembly reduces the energy barrier for fusion stalk formation. Thus, pH\u2010driven structural remodeling of the VP40 matrix acts as a molecular switch coupling viral matrix uncoating to membrane fusion during EBOV entry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2023113578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T03:20:55Z","timestamp":1682047255000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The Ebola virus VP40 matrix layer undergoes endosomal disassembly essential for membrane fusion"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6099-7314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie L","family":"Winter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4792-6807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonen","family":"Golani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7537-0549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Lolicato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melina","family":"Vallbracht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1381-8093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keerthihan","family":"Thiyagarajah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samy Sid","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"L\u00fcchtenborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2982-4209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver T","family":"Fackler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Britta","family":"Br\u00fcgger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5829-6305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Hoenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6496-8286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter","family":"Nickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1483-640X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrich S","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7782-2139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petr","family":"Chlanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFEMBJ2023113578_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.softx.2015.06.001","volume":"1\u20132","author":"MJ Abraham","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abraham MJ, Murtola T, Schulz R, P\u00e1ll S, Smith JC, Hess B, Lindah E (2015) Gromacs: high performance molecular simulations through multi\u2010level parallelism from laptops to supercomputers. 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