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Recently, a small overlapping coding sequence, termed\n                    <jats:italic>pipo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , was found to be conserved in the genomes of all potyvirids. PIPO is expressed as part of a frameshift protein, P3N\u2010PIPO, which is essential for virus cell\u2010to\u2010cell movement. However, the frameshift expression mechanism has hitherto remained unknown. Here, we demonstrate that transcriptional slippage, specific to the viral RNA polymerase, results in a population of transcripts with an additional \u201cA\u201d inserted within a highly conserved GAAAAAA sequence, thus enabling expression of P3N\u2010PIPO. The slippage efficiency is ~2% in\n                    <jats:italic>Turnip mosaic virus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and slippage is inhibited by mutations in the GAAAAAA sequence. While utilization of transcriptional slippage is well known in negative\u2010sense RNA viruses such as Ebola\n                    <jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic>\n                    mumps and measles, to our knowledge this is the first report of its widespread utilization for gene expression in positive\u2010sense RNA viruses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201540509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,26]],"date-time":"2015-06-26T00:19:51Z","timestamp":1435277991000},"page":"995-1004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":235,"title":["Transcriptional slippage in the positive\u2010sense RNA virus family Potyviridae"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Allan","family":"Olspert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betty Y\u2010W","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John F","family":"Atkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew E","family":"Firth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFEMBR201540509_CR1","volume-title":"Virus Taxonomy: Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fauquet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J, Desselberger U, Ball LA (eds) (2005) Virus Taxonomy: Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. 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