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These interactions are altered in pathological conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Bioactive peptides and proteins, such as hormones and cytokines, produced by both peripheral organs and the central nervous system, are key messengers in this inter\u2010organ communication. Despite the early discovery of the first hormones more than 100\u00a0years ago, recent studies taking advantage of novel technologies have shed light on the multiple ways used by cells in the body to communicate and maintain energy balance. This review briefly summarizes well\u2010established concepts and focuses on recent advances describing how specific proteins and peptides mediate the crosstalk between gut, brain, and other peripheral metabolic organs in order to maintain energy homeostasis. Additionally, this review outlines how the improved knowledge about these inter\u2010organ networks is helping us to redefine therapeutic strategies in an effort to promote healthy living and fight metabolic disorders and other diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201947903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]],"date-time":"2019-08-19T03:18:58Z","timestamp":1566184738000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":185,"title":["Inter\u2010organ communication: a gatekeeper for metabolic health"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Judit","family":"Castillo\u2010Armengol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1283-9503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lluis","family":"Fajas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel C","family":"Lopez\u2010Mejia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"BFEMBR201947903_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S34","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737772","volume":"37","author":"CA Dinarello","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dinarello CA (2007) Historical insights into cytokines. 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