{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T13:57:24Z","timestamp":1790517444095,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"MOH | National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMRC\/ CBRG\/0098\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC\/ CBRG\/0098\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001381","name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRP21-2018-0101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRP21-2018-0101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EMBO Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]]},"DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202051777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T07:06:40Z","timestamp":1618816000000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Enterovirus-A71 exploits peripherin and Rac1 to invade the central nervous system"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ze Qin","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing Yong","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0097-5388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yukei","family":"Oo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin Jang Hann","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3418-2757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shi Yan","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5652-1687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siu Kwan","family":"Sze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7044-414X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvie","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4619","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)83788-7","volume":"264","author":"JM Aletta","year":"1989","unstructured":"Aletta JM, Shelanski ML, Greene LA (1989) Phosphorylation of the peripherin 58-kDa neuronal intermediate filament protein. Regulation by nerve growth factor and other agents. J Biol Chem 264: 4619\u20134627","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1998.70020540.x","volume":"70","author":"JM Angelastro","year":"1998","unstructured":"Angelastro JM, Ho CL, Frappier T, Liem RK, Greene LA (1998) Peripherin is tyrosine-phosphorylated at its carboxyl-terminal tyrosine. J Neurochem 70: 540\u2013549","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968307308550","volume":"22","author":"Y Cao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cao Y, Shumsky JS, Sabol MA, Kushner RA, Strittmatter S, Hamers FP, Lee DH, Rabacchi SA, Murray M (2008) Nogo-66 receptor antagonist peptide (NEP1-40) administration promotes functional recovery and axonal growth after lateral funiculus injury in the adult rat. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 22: 262\u2013278","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001940306","volume":"194","author":"NR Cashman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cashman NR, Durham HD, Blusztajn JK, Oda K, Tabira T, Shaw IT, Dahrouge S, Antel JP (1992) Neuroblastoma x spinal cord (NSC) hybrid cell lines resemble developing motor neurons. Dev Dyn 194: 209\u2013221","journal-title":"Dev Dyn"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13090890","volume":"13","author":"PC Chang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chang PC, Chen SC, Chen KT (2016) The current status of the disease caused by Enterovirus 71 infections: epidemiology, pathogenesis, molecular epidemiology, and vaccine development. Int J Environ Res Public Health 13: 890","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8996","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00236-07","volume":"81","author":"CS Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen CS, Yao YC, Lin SC, Lee YP, Wang YF, Wang JR, Liu CC, Lei HY, Yu CK (2007) Retrograde axonal transport: a major transmission route of enterovirus 71 in mice. J Virol 81: 8996\u20139003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR7","volume":"12","author":"M Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen M, Ju Y, Chen M, Xie Z, Zhou K, Tan Y, Mo J (2017) Epidemiological and genetic characteristics of EV-A71 in hand, foot, and mouth disease in Guangxi, southern China, from 2010 to 2015. PLoS One 12: e0188640","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2019.1618686","volume":"8","author":"SL Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen SL, Liu YG, Zhou YT, Zhao P, Ren H, Xiao M, Zhu YZ, Qi ZT (2019) Endophilin-A2-mediated endocytic pathway is critical for enterovirus 71 entry into caco-2 cells. Emerg Microbes Infect 8: 773\u2013786","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-008-0183-x","volume":"153","author":"W Chen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen W, Gao N, Wang JL, Tian YP, Chen ZT, An J (2008) Vimentin is required for dengue virus serotype 2 infection but microtubules are not necessary for this process. Arch Virol 153: 1777\u20131781","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.07159.x","volume":"118","author":"Y Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen Y, Brew BJ, Guillemin GJ (2011) Characterization of the kynurenine pathway in NSC-34 cell line: implications for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurochem 118: 816\u2013825","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.10.035","volume":"124","author":"CB Coyne","year":"2006","unstructured":"Coyne CB, Bergelson JM (2006) Virus-induced Abl and Fyn kinase signals permit coxsackievirus entry through epithelial tight junctions. Cell 124: 119\u2013131","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR12","first-page":"117","volume":"33","author":"S Dharmawardhane","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dharmawardhane S, Hernandez E, Vlaar C (2013) Development of EHop-016: a small molecule inhibitor of Rac. Enzymes 33 (Pt A): 117\u2013146","journal-title":"Enzymes"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088520","volume":"9","author":"R Dierkes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dierkes R, Warnking K, Liedmann S, Seyer R, Ludwig S, Ehrhardt C (2014) The Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 exerts anti-influenza virus properties by affecting the viral polymerase complex activity. PLoS One 9: e88520","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5816","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03826-13","volume":"88","author":"N Du","year":"2014","unstructured":"Du N, Cong H, Tian H, Zhang H, Zhang W, Song L, Tien P (2014) Cell surface vimentin is an attachment receptor for enterovirus 71. J Virol 88: 5816\u20135833","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-03-00764.1990","volume":"10","author":"M Escurat","year":"1990","unstructured":"Escurat M, Djabali K, Gumpel M, Gros F, Portier MM (1990) Differential expression of two neuronal intermediate-filament proteins, peripherin and the low-molecular-mass neurofilament protein (NF-L), during the development of the rat. J Neurosci 10: 764\u2013784","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5350.514","volume":"279","author":"E Fuchs","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fuchs E, Cleveland DW (1998) A structural scaffolding of intermediate filaments in health and disease. Science 279: 514\u2013519","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR17","first-page":"5236","volume":"7","author":"L Gao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gao L, Lin P, Liu S, Lei B, Chen Q, Yu S, Shen H (2014) Pathological examinations of an enterovirus 71 infection: an autopsy case. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 7: 5236\u20135241","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7618","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307512101","volume":"101","author":"Y Gao","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gao Y, Dickerson JB, Guo F, Zheng J, Zheng Y (2004) Rational design and characterization of a Rac GTPase-specific small molecule inhibitor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 7618\u20137623","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/417547a","volume":"417","author":"T GrandPre","year":"2002","unstructured":"GrandPre T, Li S, Strittmatter SM (2002) Nogo-66 receptor antagonist peptide promotes axonal regeneration. Nature 417: 547\u2013551","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a021642","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021642","volume":"9","author":"EM Hol","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hol EM, Capetanaki Y (2017) Type III intermediate filaments desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, and peripherin. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 9: a021642","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR21","volume":"6","author":"W Jiang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jiang W, Sheng C, Gu X, Liu D, Yao C, Gao S, Chen S, Huang Y, Huang W, Fang M (2016) Suppression of Rac1 signaling by influenza a virus NS1 facilitates viral replication. Sci Rep 6: e35041","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3067","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01779-10","volume":"85","author":"WX Khong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Khong WX, Foo DG, Trasti SL, Tan EL, Alonso S (2011) Sustained high levels of interleukin-6 contribute to the pathogenesis of enterovirus 71 in a neonate mouse model. J Virol 85: 3067\u20133076","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06103-11","volume":"86","author":"WX Khong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khong WX, Yan B, Yeo H, Tan EL, Lee JJ, Ng JK, Chow VT, Alonso S (2012) A non-mouse-adapted enterovirus 71 (EV71) strain exhibits neurotropism, causing neurological manifestations in a novel mouse model of EV71 infection. J Virol 86: 2121\u20132131","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23491","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M611703200","volume":"282","author":"H Konishi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Konishi H, Namikawa K, Shikata K, Kobatake Y, Tachibana T, Kiyama H (2007) Identification of peripherin as a Akt substrate in neurons. J Biol Chem 282: 23491\u201323499","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.10.021","volume":"13","author":"OO Koyuncu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Koyuncu OO, Perlman DH, Enquist LW (2013) Efficient retrograde transport of pseudorabies virus within neurons requires local protein synthesis in axons. Cell Host Microbe 13: 54\u201366","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2013.03.008","volume":"62","author":"O Maier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Maier O, Bohm J, Dahm M, Bruck S, Beyer C, Johann S (2013) Differentiated NSC-34 motoneuron-like cells as experimental model for cholinergic neurodegeneration. Neurochem Int 62: 1029\u20131038","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/21541248.2016.1211398","volume":"8","author":"H Marei","year":"2017","unstructured":"Marei H, Malliri A (2017) Rac1 in human diseases: The therapeutic potential of targeting Rac1 signaling regulatory mechanisms. Small GTPases 8: 139\u2013163","journal-title":"Small GTPases"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.05198.x","volume":"104","author":"J McLean","year":"2008","unstructured":"McLean J, Xiao S, Miyazaki K, Robertson J (2008) A novel peripherin isoform generated by alternative translation is required for normal filament network formation. J Neurochem 104: 1663\u20131673","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4438","volume":"235","author":"A Muehlenbachs","year":"2015","unstructured":"Muehlenbachs A, Bhatnagar J, Zaki SR (2015) Tissue tropism, pathology and pathogenesis of enterovirus infection. J Pathol 235: 217\u2013228","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1159\/000354238","volume":"13","author":"V Muresan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Muresan V, Villegas C, Ladescu Muresan Z (2014) Functional interaction between amyloid-beta precursor protein and peripherin neurofilaments: a shared pathway leading to Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? Neurodegener Dis 13: 122\u2013125","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2875","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-08-02875.2000","volume":"20","author":"K Namikawa","year":"2000","unstructured":"Namikawa K, Honma M, Abe K, Takeda M, Mansur K, Obata T, Miwa A, Okado H, Kiyama H (2000) Akt\/protein kinase B prevents injury-induced motoneuron death and accelerates axonal regeneration. J Neurosci 20: 2875\u20132886","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofz284","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz284","volume":"6","author":"LNT Nhan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nhan LNT, Turner HC, Khanh TH, Hung NT, Lien LB, Hong NTT, Nhu LNT, Ny NTH, Nguyet LA, Thanh TT et al (2019) Economic burden attributed to children presenting to hospitals with hand, foot, and mouth disease in Vietnam. Open Forum Infect Dis 6: ofz284","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.10.030","volume":"300","author":"Y Pan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pan Y, Wang N, Xia P, Wang E, Guo Q, Ye Z (2018) Inhibition of Rac1 ameliorates neuronal oxidative stress damage via reducing Bcl-2\/Rac1 complex formation in mitochondria through PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathway. Exp Neurol 300: 149\u2013166","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.07-03-00781.1987","volume":"7","author":"LM Parysek","year":"1987","unstructured":"Parysek LM, Goldman RD (1987) Characterization of intermediate filaments in PC12 cells. J Neurosci 7: 781\u2013791","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR35","first-page":"335","volume":"6","author":"MM Portier","year":"1983","unstructured":"Portier MM, de Nechaud B, Gros F (1983) Peripherin, a new member of the intermediate filament protein family. Dev Neurosci 6: 335\u2013344","journal-title":"Dev Neurosci"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00679.x","volume":"8","author":"K Radtke","year":"2006","unstructured":"Radtke K, Dohner K, Sodeik B (2006) Viral interactions with the cytoskeleton: a hitchhiker's guide to the cell. Cell Microbiol 8: 387\u2013400","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200205027","volume":"160","author":"J Robertson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Robertson J, Doroudchi MM, Nguyen MD, Durham HD, Strong MJ, Shaw G, Julien JP, Mushynski WE (2003) A neurotoxic peripherin splice variant in a mouse model of ALS. J Cell Biol 160: 939\u2013949","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2019.104590","volume":"171","author":"HA Rothan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rothan HA, Zhong Y, Sanborn MA, Teoh TC, Ruan J, Yusof R, Hang J, Henderson MJ, Fang S (2019) Small molecule grp94 inhibitors block dengue and Zika virus replication. Antiviral Res 171: 104590","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00307-17","volume":"91","author":"G Schafer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schafer G, Graham LM, Lang DM, Blumenthal MJ, Bergant Marusic M, Katz AA (2017) Vimentin modulates infectious internalization of human papillomavirus 16 pseudovirions. J Virol 91: e00307","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2936","volume":"11","author":"ME Schwab","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schwab ME (2010) Functions of Nogo proteins and their receptors in the nervous system. Nat Rev Neurosci 11: 799\u2013811","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.67041365.x","volume":"67","author":"E Sterneck","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sterneck E, Kaplan DR, Johnson PF (1996) Interleukin-6 induces expression of peripherin and cooperates with Trk receptor signaling to promote neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells. J Neurochem 67: 1365\u20131374","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16653","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M710436200","volume":"283","author":"L Sunesson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sunesson L, Hellman U, Larsson C (2008) Protein kinase Cepsilon binds peripherin and induces its aggregation, which is accompanied by apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells. J Biol Chem 283: 16653\u201316664","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2574","volume":"9","author":"MP Taylor","year":"2011","unstructured":"Taylor MP, Koyuncu OO, Enquist LW (2011) Subversion of the actin cytoskeleton during viral infection. Nat Rev Microbiol 9: 427\u2013439","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01249-13","volume":"88","author":"CS Teo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Teo CS, Chu JJ (2014) Cellular vimentin regulates construction of dengue virus replication complexes through interaction with NS4A protein. J Virol 88: 1897\u20131913","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16556","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1408409111","volume":"111","author":"T Tezuka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tezuka T, Inoue A, Hoshi T, Weatherbee SD, Burgess RW, Ueta R, Yamanashi Y (2014) The MuSK activator agrin has a separate role essential for postnatal maintenance of neuromuscular synapses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111: 16556\u201316561","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR46","volume":"14","author":"IHK Too","year":"2018","unstructured":"Too IHK, Bonne I, Tan EL, Chu JJH, Alonso S (2018) Prohibitin plays a critical role in Enterovirus 71 neuropathogenesis. PLoS Pathog 14: e1006778","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36983","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36983","volume":"6","author":"IH Too","year":"2016","unstructured":"Too IH, Yeo H, Sessions OM, Yan B, Libau EA, Howe JL, Lim ZQ, Suku-Maran S, Ong WY, Chua KB et al (2016) Enterovirus 71 infection of motor neuron-like NSC-34 cells undergoes a non-lytic exit pathway. Sci Rep 6: 36983","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR48","first-page":"100661","volume":"19","author":"E Tramentozzi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tramentozzi E, Finotti P (2019) Effects of purine-scaffold inhibitors on HUVECs: Involvement of the purinergic pathway and interference with ATP. Implications for preventing the adverse effects of extracellular Grp94. Biochem Biophys Rep 19: 100661","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Rep"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90832-V","volume":"529","author":"CM Troy","year":"1990","unstructured":"Troy CM, Muma NA, Greene LA, Price DL, Shelanski ML (1990) Regulation of peripherin and neurofilament expression in regenerating rat motor neurons. Brain Res 529: 232\u2013238","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3316","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22677","volume":"226","author":"WH Tung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tung WH, Hsieh HL, Lee IT, Yang CM (2011) Enterovirus 71 induces integrin beta1\/EGFR-Rac1-dependent oxidative stress in SK-N-SH cells: role of HO-1\/CO in viral replication. J Cell Physiol 226: 3316\u20133329","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e809","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000809","volume":"4","author":"JL Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang JL, Zhang JL, Chen W, Xu XF, Gao N, Fan DY, An J (2010) Roles of small GTPase Rac1 in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton during dengue virus infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e809","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1086\/520149","volume":"29","author":"SM Wang","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wang SM, Liu CC, Tseng HW, Wang JR, Huang CC, Chen YJ, Yang YJ, Lin SJ, Yeh TF (1999) Clinical spectrum of enterovirus 71 infection in children in southern Taiwan, with an emphasis on neurological complications. Clin Infect Dis 29: 184\u2013190","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mod.2012.09.004","volume":"130","author":"V Witzemann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Witzemann V, Chevessier F, Pacifici PG, Yampolsky P (2013) The neuromuscular junction: selective remodeling of synaptic regulators at the nerve\/muscle interface. Mech Dev 130: 402\u2013411","journal-title":"Mech Dev"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.038711","volume":"137","author":"H Wu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wu H, Xiong WC, Mei L (2010) To build a synapse: signaling pathways in neuromuscular junction assembly. Development 137: 1017\u20131033","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.04.008","volume":"143","author":"KX Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu KX, Chu JJ (2017) Antiviral screen identifies EV-A71 inhibitors and reveals camptothecin-target, DNA topoisomerase 1 as a novel EV-A71 host factor. Antiviral Res 143: 122\u2013133","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3908-y","volume":"18","author":"N Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu N, Ren D, Li S, Ma W, Hu S, Jin Y, Xiao S (2018) RCC2 over-expression in tumor cells alters apoptosis and drug sensitivity by regulating Rac1 activation. BMC Cancer 18: 67","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3222-07.2008","volume":"28","author":"S Xiao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Xiao S, Tjostheim S, Sanelli T, McLean JR, Horne P, Fan Y, Ravits J, Strong MJ, Robertson J (2008) An aggregate-inducing peripherin isoform generated through intron retention is upregulated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and associated with disease pathology. J Neurosci 28: 1833\u20131840","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR58","volume":"97","author":"J Xing","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xing J, Wang K, Wei H, Wei D (2018) Pathologic and molecular studies of enterovirus 71 infection in a fatal case from a recent epidemic in China: A case report. Medicine 97: e13447","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-017-0872-8","volume":"14","author":"T Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang T, Li H, Yue L, Song X, Xie T, Ma S, Meng H, Zhang Y, He X, Long R et al (2017) A comparative study of multiple clinical enterovirus 71 isolates and evaluation of cross protection of inactivated vaccine strain FY-23 K-B in vitro. Virol J 14: 206","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2011.03.020","volume":"1810","author":"HY Yao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yao HY, Chen L, Xu C, Wang J, Chen J, Xie QM, Wu X, Yan X-F (2011) Inhibition of Rac activity alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute pulmonary injury in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta 1810: 666\u2013674","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-016-0234-7","volume":"23","author":"YT Yu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yu YT, Chien SC, Chen IY, Lai CT, Tsay YG, Chang SC, Chang MF (2016) Surface vimentin is critical for the cell entry of SARS-CoV. J Biomed Sci 23: 14","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8501","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1081-12.2012","volume":"32","author":"A Yuan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yuan A, Sasaki T, Kumar A, Peterhoff CM, Rao MV, Liem RK, Julien JP, Nixon RA (2012) Peripherin is a subunit of peripheral nerve neurofilaments: implications for differential vulnerability of CNS and peripheral nervous system axons. J Neurosci 32: 8501\u20138508","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7608","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03186-12","volume":"87","author":"J Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang J, Wu X, Zan J, Wu Y, Ye C, Ruan X, Zhou J (2013) Cellular chaperonin CCTgamma contributes to rabies virus replication during infection. J Virol 87: 7608\u20137621","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR64","volume":"12","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Jit M, Wu JT, Yang J, Leung K, Liao Q, Yu H (2017) Economic costs and health-related quality of life for hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) patients in China. PLoS One 12: e0184266","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFEMBR202051777_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074924","volume":"8","author":"K Zins","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zins K, Lucas T, Reichl P, Abraham D, Aharinejad S (2013) A Rac1\/Cdc42 GTPase-specific small molecule inhibitor suppresses growth of primary human prostate cancer xenografts and prolongs survival in mice. PLoS One 8: e74924","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1038\/s44319-026-00722-7","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000}}],"container-title":["The EMBO Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.15252\/embr.202051777.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.15252\/embr.202051777","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.15252\/embr.202051777\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.embopress.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.15252\/embr.202051777","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.15252\/embr.202051777.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T13:50:02Z","timestamp":1779112202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.15252\/embr.202051777"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]]}},"alternative-id":["BFEMBR202051777"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/embr.202051777","relation":{},"ISSN":["1469-221X","1469-3178"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1469-221X","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-3178","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 September 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 March 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 March 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 April 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 February 2026","order":6,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":7,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":8,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44319-026-00722-7","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44319-026-00722-7","order":9,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"EMBR202051777"}}