{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T20:25:10Z","timestamp":1788380710965,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020480","name":"CSL Limited","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020480","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"DHAC|National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1141504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1141504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"DHAC|National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1162103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1162103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"DHAC|National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1163358"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1163358"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015379","name":"Gretel and Gordon Bootes Medical Research and Education Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015379","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EMBO Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Inflammasome signaling is a central pillar of innate immunity triggering inflammation and cell death in response to microbes and danger signals. Here, we show that two virulence factors from the human bacterial pathogen\n                    <jats:italic>Clostridium perfringens<\/jats:italic>\n                    are nonredundant activators of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mice and humans.\n                    <jats:italic>C. perfringens<\/jats:italic>\n                    lecithinase (also known as phospolipase C) and\n                    <jats:italic>C. perfringens<\/jats:italic>\n                    perfringolysin O induce distinct mechanisms of activation. Lecithinase enters LAMP1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    vesicular structures and induces lysosomal membrane destabilization. Furthermore, lecithinase induces the release of the inflammasome\u2010dependent cytokines IL\u20101\u03b2 and IL\u201018, and the induction of cell death independently of the pore\u2010forming proteins gasdermin D, MLKL and the cell death effector protein ninjurin\u20101 or NINJ1. We also show that lecithinase triggers inflammation via the NLRP3 inflammasome\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    and that pharmacological blockade of NLRP3 using MCC950 partially prevents lecithinase\u2010induced lethality. Together, these findings reveal that lecithinase activates an alternative pathway to induce inflammation during\n                    <jats:italic>C. perfringens<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection and that this mode of action can be similarly exploited for sensing by a single inflammasome.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202254600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T06:00:26Z","timestamp":1681884026000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Clostridium perfringens virulence factors are nonredundant activators of the NLRP3 inflammasome"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7004-301X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anukriti","family":"Mathur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0985-6206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Callum","family":"Kay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yansong","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2367-3422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhimanu","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2382-2106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiwon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6747-6076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weidong","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6442-4633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Enosi Tuipulotu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4042-0934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan","family":"Lo Pilato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouya","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinh","family":"Ngo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8907-1048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anyang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6098-1205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4687-9677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Rug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa A","family":"Miosge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ines I","family":"Atmosukarto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason D","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidra A","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9453-9688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth E","family":"Gardiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9652-8357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avril AB","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9275-3979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena M","family":"Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2345-9271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dena","family":"Lyras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4017-1077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadeem O","family":"Kaakoush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5079-2857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Si Ming","family":"Man","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7858","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1607769113","volume":"113","author":"RA Aglietti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aglietti RA, Estevez A, Gupta A, Ramirez MG, Liu PS, Kayagaki N, Ciferri C, Dixit VM, Dueber EC (2016) GsdmD p30 elicited by caspase\u201011 during pyroptosis forms pores in membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113: 7858\u20137863","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201438463","volume":"15","author":"R Allam","year":"2014","unstructured":"Allam R, Lawlor KE, Yu EC, Mildenhall AL, Moujalled DM, Lewis RS, Ke F, Mason KD, White MJ, Stacey KJ et\u00a0al (2014) Mitochondrial apoptosis is dispensable for NLRP3 inflammasome activation but non\u2010apoptotic caspase\u20108 is required for inflammasome priming. EMBO Rep 15: 982\u2013990","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7904","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.12.7904-7910.2001","volume":"69","author":"MM Awad","year":"2001","unstructured":"Awad MM, Ellemor DM, Boyd RL, Emmins JJ, Rood JI (2001) Synergistic effects of alpha\u2010toxin and perfringolysin O in Clostridium perfringens\u2010mediated gas gangrene. Infect Immun 69: 7904\u20137910","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02186-14","volume":"5","author":"S Bose","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bose S, Segovia JA, Somarajan SR, Chang TH, Kannan TR, Baseman JB (2014) ADP\u2010ribosylation of NLRP3 by Mycoplasma pneumoniae CARDS toxin regulates inflammasome activity. mBio 5: e02186\u201014","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0228-2","volume":"20","author":"P Broz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Broz P, Pelegrin P, Shao F (2020) The gasdermins, a protein family executing cell death and inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol 20: 143\u2013157","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1006\/anae.1996.0046","volume":"2","author":"HL Bullifent","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bullifent HL, Moir A, Awad MM, Scott PT, Rood JI, Titball RW (1996) The level of expression of \u03b1\u2010toxin by different strains of Clostridium perfringens is dependent on differences in promoter structure and genetic background. Anaerobe 2: 365\u2013371","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2019.02.015","volume":"670","author":"RI Campden","year":"2019","unstructured":"Campden RI, Zhang Y (2019) The role of lysosomal cysteine cathepsins in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Arch Biochem Biophys 670: 32\u201342","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3806","volume":"21","author":"RC Coll","year":"2015","unstructured":"Coll RC, Robertson AA, Chae JJ, Higgins SC, Munoz\u2010Planillo R, Inserra MC, Vetter I, Dungan LS, Monks BG, Stutz A et\u00a0al (2015) A small\u2010molecule inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Nat Med 21: 248\u2013255","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-019-0277-7","volume":"15","author":"RC Coll","year":"2019","unstructured":"Coll RC, Hill JR, Day CJ, Zamoshnikova A, Boucher D, Massey NL, Chitty JL, Fraser JA, Jennings MP, Robertson AAB et\u00a0al (2019) MCC950 directly targets the NLRP3 ATP\u2010hydrolysis motif for inflammasome inhibition. Nat Chem Biol 15: 556\u2013559","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800640207","volume":"64","author":"SG Darke","year":"1977","unstructured":"Darke SG, King AM, Slack WK (1977) Gas gangrene and related infection: classification, clinical features and aetiology, management and mortality. A report of 88 cases. Br J Surg 64: 104\u2013112","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2838","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20190111","volume":"216","author":"M Deng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deng M, Guo H, Tam JW, Johnson BM, Brickey WJ, New JS, Lenox A, Shi H, Golenbock DT, Koller BH et\u00a0al (2019) Platelet\u2010activating factor (PAF) mediates NLRP3\u2010NEK7 inflammasome induction independently of PAFR. J Exp Med 216: 2838\u20132853","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1156995","volume":"320","author":"C Dostert","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dostert C, Petrilli V, Van Bruggen R, Steele C, Mossman BT, Tschopp J (2008) Innate immune activation through Nalp3 inflammasome sensing of asbestos and silica. Science 320: 674\u2013677","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e112558","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2022112558","volume":"42","author":"D Enosi Tuipulotu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Enosi Tuipulotu D, Feng S, Pandey A, Zhao A, Ngo C, Mathur A, Lee J, Shen C, Fox D, Xue Y et\u00a0al (2023) Immunity against Moraxella catarrhalis requires guanylate-binding proteins and caspase-11- NLRP3 inflammasomes. EMBO J 42: e112558","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.09.003","volume":"29","author":"D Enosi Tuipulotu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Enosi Tuipulotu D, Mathur A, Ngo C, Man SM (2021) Bacillus cereus: epidemiology, virulence factors, and host\u2010pathogen interactions. Trends Microbiol 29: 458\u2013471","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.06.028","volume":"184","author":"CL Evavold","year":"2021","unstructured":"Evavold CL, Hafner\u2010Bratkovic I, Devant P, D'Andrea JM, Ngwa EM, Borsic E, Doench JG, LaFleur MW, Sharpe AH, Thiagarajah JR et\u00a0al (2021) Control of gasdermin D oligomerization and pyroptosis by the Ragulator\u2010rag\u2010mTORC1 pathway. Cell 184: 4495\u20134511.e19","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4395","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32127-0","volume":"13","author":"S Feng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Feng S, Enosi Tuipulotu D, Pandey A, Jing W, Shen C, Ngo C, Tessema MB, Li FJ, Fox D, Mathur A et\u00a0al (2022) Pathogen\u2010selective killing by guanylate\u2010binding proteins as a molecular mechanism leading to inflammasome signaling. Nat Commun 13: 4395","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14534-3","volume":"11","author":"D Fox","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fox D, Mathur A, Xue Y, Liu Y, Tan WH, Feng S, Pandey A, Ngo C, Hayward JA, Atmosukarto II et\u00a0al (2020) Bacillus cereus non\u2010haemolytic enterotoxin activates the NLRP3 inflammasome. Nat Commun 11: 760","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-018-0212-6","volume":"26","author":"D Frank","year":"2019","unstructured":"Frank D, Vince JE (2019) Pyroptosis versus necroptosis: similarities, differences, and crosstalk. Cell Death Differ 26: 99\u2013114","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2913","volume":"15","author":"BS Franklin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Franklin BS, Bossaller L, De Nardo D, Ratter JM, Stutz A, Engels G, Brenker C, Nordhoff M, Mirandola SR, Al\u2010Amoudi A et\u00a0al (2014) The adaptor ASC has extracellular and 'prionoid' activities that propagate inflammation. Nat Immunol 15: 727\u2013737","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.14838","volume":"130","author":"R Gharieb","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gharieb R, Saad M, Abdallah K, Khedr M, Farag E, Abd El\u2010Fattah A (2021) Insights on toxin genotyping, virulence, antibiogram profiling, biofilm formation and efficacy of disinfectants on biofilms of Clostridium perfringens isolated from poultry, animals and humans. J Appl Microbiol 130: 819\u2013831","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00570","volume":"6","author":"AJ Greaney","year":"2015","unstructured":"Greaney AJ, Leppla SH, Moayeri M (2015) Bacterial exotoxins and the Inflammasome. Front Immunol 6: 570","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302839","volume":"192","author":"P Gurung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gurung P, Anand PK, Malireddi RK, Vande Walle L, Van Opdenbosch N, Dillon CP, Weinlich R, Green DR, Lamkanfi M, Kanneganti TD (2014) FADD and caspase\u20108 mediate priming and activation of the canonical and noncanonical Nlrp3 inflammasomes. J Immunol 192: 1835\u20131846","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1636","volume":"9","author":"A Halle","year":"2008","unstructured":"Halle A, Hornung V, Petzold GC, Stewart CR, Monks BG, Reinheckel T, Fitzgerald KA, Latz E, Moore KJ, Golenbock DT (2008) The NALP3 inflammasome is involved in the innate immune response to amyloid\u2010beta. Nat Immunol 9: 857\u2013865","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.174.4.881","volume":"174","author":"PD Hart","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hart PD, Young MR (1991) Ammonium chloride, an inhibitor of phagosome\u2010lysosome fusion in macrophages, concurrently induces phagosome\u2010endosome fusion, and opens a novel pathway: studies of a pathogenic Mycobacterium and a nonpathogenic yeast. J Exp Med 174: 881\u2013889","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00015-18","volume":"82","author":"JA Hayward","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hayward JA, Mathur A, Ngo C, Man SM (2018) Cytosolic recognition of microbes and pathogens: inflammasomes in action. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 82: e00015\u201018","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2015.139","volume":"25","author":"WT He","year":"2015","unstructured":"He WT, Wan H, Hu L, Chen P, Wang X, Huang Z, Yang ZH, Zhong CQ, Han J (2015) Gasdermin D is an executor of pyroptosis and required for interleukin\u20101beta secretion. Cell Res 25: 1285\u20131298","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2016.09.002","volume":"41","author":"Y He","year":"2016","unstructured":"He Y, Hara H, Nunez G (2016) Mechanism and regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Trends Biochem Sci 41: 1012\u20131021","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.07.002","volume":"54","author":"D Hofbauer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hofbauer D, Mougiakakos D, Broggini L, Zaiss M, Buttner\u2010Herold M, Bach C, Spriewald B, Neumann F, Bisht S, Nolting J et\u00a0al (2021) Beta2\u2010microglobulin triggers NLRP3 inflammasome activation in tumor\u2010associated macrophages to promote multiple myeloma progression. Immunity 54: 1772\u20131787.e9","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1631","volume":"9","author":"V Hornung","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hornung V, Bauernfeind F, Halle A, Samstad EO, Kono H, Rock KL, Fitzgerald KA, Latz E (2008) Silica crystals and aluminum salts activate the NALP3 inflammasome through phagosomal destabilization. Nat Immunol 9: 847\u2013856","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40544","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M207345200","volume":"277","author":"M Huss","year":"2002","unstructured":"Huss M, Ingenhorst G, Konig S, Gassel M, Drose S, Zeeck A, Altendorf K, Wieczorek H (2002) Concanamycin a, the specific inhibitor of V\u2010ATPases, binds to the V(o) subunit c. J Biol Chem 277: 40544\u201340548","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.13309","volume":"23","author":"W Jing","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jing W, Lo Pilato J, Kay C, Man SM (2021) Activation mechanisms of inflammasomes by bacterial toxins. Cell Microbiol 23: e13309","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abm1803","volume":"7","author":"W Jing","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jing W, Pilato JL, Kay C, Feng S, Tuipulotu DE, Mathur A, Shen C, Ngo C, Zhao A, Miosge LA et\u00a0al (2022) Clostridium septicum alpha\u2010toxin activates the NLRP3 inflammasome by engaging GPI\u2010anchored proteins. Sci Immunol 7: eabm1803","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9771","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1003738107","volume":"107","author":"JW Jones","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jones JW, Kayagaki N, Broz P, Henry T, Newton K, O'Rourke K, Chan S, Dong J, Qu Y, Roose\u2010Girma M et\u00a0al (2010) Absent in melanoma 2 is required for innate immune recognition of Francisella tularensis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107: 9771\u20139776","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15541","volume":"526","author":"N Kayagaki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kayagaki N, Stowe IB, Lee BL, O'Rourke K, Anderson K, Warming S, Cuellar T, Haley B, Roose\u2010Girma M, Phung QT et\u00a0al (2015) Caspase\u201011 cleaves gasdermin D for non\u2010canonical inflammasome signalling. Nature 526: 666\u2013671","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03218-7","volume":"591","author":"N Kayagaki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kayagaki N, Kornfeld OS, Lee BL, Stowe IB, O'Rourke K, Li Q, Sandoval W, Yan D, Kang J, Xu M et\u00a0al (2021) NINJ1 mediates plasma membrane rupture during lytic cell death. Nature 591: 131\u2013136","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6496","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00806-06","volume":"74","author":"AL Keyburn","year":"2006","unstructured":"Keyburn AL, Sheedy SA, Ford ME, Williamson MM, Awad MM, Rood JI, Moore RJ (2006) Alpha\u2010toxin of Clostridium perfringens is not an essential virulence factor in necrotic enteritis in chickens. Infect Immun 74: 6496\u20136500","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201065","volume":"189","author":"M Kovarova","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kovarova M, Hesker PR, Jania L, Nguyen M, Snouwaert JN, Xiang Z, Lommatzsch SE, Huang MT, Ting JP, Koller BH (2012) NLRP1\u2010dependent pyroptosis leads to acute lung injury and morbidity in mice. J Immunol 189: 2006\u20132016","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7535475","volume":"267","author":"K Kuida","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kuida K, Lippke JA, Ku G, Harding MW, Livingston DJ, Su MS, Flavell RA (1995) Altered cytokine export and apoptosis in mice deficient in interleukin\u20101 beta converting enzyme. Science 267: 2000\u20132003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01095-15","volume":"84","author":"MS Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee MS, Kwon H, Lee EY, Kim DJ, Park JH, Tesh VL, Oh TK, Kim MH (2016) Shiga toxins activate the NLRP3 Inflammasome pathway to promote both production of the Proinflammatory cytokine interleukin\u20101beta and Apoptotic cell death. Infect Immun 84: 172\u2013186","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12804","volume":"12","author":"M Leiblein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leiblein M, Wagner N, Adam EH, Frank J, Marzi I, Nau C (2020) Clostridial gas gangrene \u2013 a rare but deadly infection: case series and comparison to other necrotizing soft tissue infections. Orthop Surg 12: 1733\u20131747","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.24903","volume":"12","author":"H Lima Jr","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lima HJr, Jacobson LS, Goldberg MF, Chandran K, Diaz\u2010Griffero F, Lisanti MP, Brojatsch J (2013) Role of lysosome rupture in controlling Nlrp3 signaling and necrotic cell death. Cell Cycle 12: 1868\u20131878","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.151","volume":"17","author":"A Liston","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liston A, Masters SL (2017) Homeostasis\u2010altering molecular processes as mechanisms of inflammasome activation. Nat Rev Immunol 17: 208\u2013214","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2217","volume":"8","author":"JP Luzio","year":"2007","unstructured":"Luzio JP, Pryor PR, Bright NA (2007) Lysosomes: fusion and function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8: 622\u2013632","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01063.x","volume":"12","author":"M Lyristis","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lyristis M, Bryant AE, Sloan J, Awad MM, Nisbet IT, Stevens DL, Rood JI (1994) Identification and molecular analysis of a locus that regulates extracellular toxin production in Clostridium perfringens. Mol Microbiol 12: 761\u2013777","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0054-1","volume":"15","author":"SM Man","year":"2018","unstructured":"Man SM (2018) Inflammasomes in the gastrointestinal tract: infection, cancer and gut microbiota homeostasis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 15: 721\u2013737","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2015.7","volume":"16","author":"SM Man","year":"2016","unstructured":"Man SM, Kanneganti TD (2016) Converging roles of caspases in inflammasome activation, cell death and innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 16: 7\u201321","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3118","volume":"16","author":"SM Man","year":"2015","unstructured":"Man SM, Karki R, Malireddi RKS, Neale G, Vogel P, Yamamoto M, Lamkanfi M, Kanneganti T-D (2015) The transcription factor IRF1 and guanylate-binding proteins target activation of the AIM2 inflammasome by Francisella infection. Nat Immunol 16: 467\u2013475","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.09.012","volume":"167","author":"SM Man","year":"2016","unstructured":"Man SM, Karki R, Sasai M, Place DE, Kesavardhana S, Temirov J, Frase S, Zhu Q, Malireddi RKS, Kuriakose T et\u00a0al (2016) IRGB10 liberates bacterial ligands for sensing by the AIM2 and Caspase\u201011\u2010NLRP3 Inflammasomes. Cell 167: 382\u2013396.e17","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02664","volume":"430","author":"S Mariathasan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mariathasan S, Newton K, Monack DM, Vucic D, French DM, Lee WP, Roose\u2010Girma M, Erickson S, Dixit VM (2004) Differential activation of the inflammasome by caspase\u20101 adaptors ASC and Ipaf. Nature 430: 213\u2013218","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1159\/000339161","volume":"89","author":"A Martinschek","year":"2012","unstructured":"Martinschek A, Evers B, Lampl L, Gerngross H, Schmidt R, Sparwasser C (2012) Prognostic aspects, survival rate, and predisposing risk factors in patients with Fournier's gangrene and necrotizing soft tissue infections: evaluation of clinical outcome of 55 patients. Urol Int 89: 173\u2013179","journal-title":"Urol Int"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3MR0617-250R","volume":"103","author":"A Mathur","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mathur A, Hayward JA, Man SM (2018) Molecular mechanisms of inflammasome signaling. J Leukoc Biol 103: 233\u2013257","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0318-0","volume":"4","author":"A Mathur","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mathur A, Feng S, Hayward JA, Ngo C, Fox D, Atmosukarto II, Price JD, Schauer K, Martlbauer E, Robertson AAB et\u00a0al (2019) A multicomponent toxin from Bacillus cereus incites inflammation and shapes host outcome via the NLRP3 inflammasome. Nat Microbiol 4: 362\u2013374","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1066957","volume":"11","author":"C Mauvezin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mauvezin C, Neufeld TP (2015) Bafilomycin A1 disrupts autophagic flux by inhibiting both V\u2010ATPase\u2010dependent acidification and Ca\u2010P60A\/SERCA\u2010dependent autophagosome\u2010lysosome fusion. Autophagy 11: 1437\u20131438","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199505000-00013","volume":"221","author":"CR McHenry","year":"1995","unstructured":"McHenry CR, Piotrowski JJ, Petrinic D, Malangoni MA (1995) Determinants of mortality for necrotizing soft\u2010tissue infections. Ann Surg 221: 558\u2013563; discussion 563\u2013555","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3942","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900729","volume":"183","author":"R Munoz\u2010Planillo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Munoz\u2010Planillo R, Franchi L, Miller LS, Nunez G (2009) A critical role for hemolysins and bacterial lipoproteins in Staphylococcus aureus\u2010induced activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome. J Immunol 183: 3942\u20133948","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.05.016","volume":"38","author":"R Munoz\u2010Planillo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Munoz\u2010Planillo R, Kuffa P, Martinez\u2010Colon G, Smith BL, Rajendiran TM, Nunez G (2013) K+ efflux is the common trigger of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by bacterial toxins and particulate matter. Immunity 38: 1142\u20131153","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a036376","volume":"12","author":"JM Murphy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Murphy JM (2020) The killer Pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain\u2010like protein (MLKL). Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 12: a036376","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.06.018","volume":"39","author":"JM Murphy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Murphy JM, Czabotar PE, Hildebrand JM, Lucet IS, Zhang JG, Alvarez\u2010Diaz S, Lewis R, Lalaoui N, Metcalf D, Webb AI et\u00a0al (2013) The pseudokinase MLKL mediates necroptosis via a molecular switch mechanism. Immunity 39: 443\u2013453","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.5238106","volume":"16","author":"GS Myers","year":"2006","unstructured":"Myers GS, Rasko DA, Cheung JK, Ravel J, Seshadri R, DeBoy RT, Ren Q, Varga J, Awad MM, Brinkac LM et\u00a0al (2006) Skewed genomic variability in strains of the toxigenic bacterial pathogen, Clostridium perfringens. Genome Res 16: 1031\u20131040","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2021.06.010","volume":"31","author":"A Pandey","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pandey A, Shen C, Feng S, Man SM (2021) Cell biology of inflammasome activation. Trends Cell Biol 31: 924\u2013939","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2012.01772.x","volume":"14","author":"M Perret","year":"2012","unstructured":"Perret M, Badiou C, Lina G, Burbaud S, Benito Y, Bes M, Cottin V, Couzon F, Juruj C, Dauwalder O et\u00a0al (2012) Cross\u2010talk between Staphylococcus aureus leukocidins\u2010intoxicated macrophages and lung epithelial cells triggers chemokine secretion in an inflammasome\u2010dependent manner. Cell Microbiol 14: 1019\u20131036","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4402195","volume":"14","author":"V Petrilli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Petrilli V, Papin S, Dostert C, Mayor A, Martinon F, Tschopp J (2007) Activation of the NALP3 inflammasome is triggered by low intracellular potassium concentration. Cell Death Differ 14: 1583\u20131589","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.22495","volume":"85","author":"A Pierzynska\u2010Mach","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pierzynska\u2010Mach A, Janowski PA, Dobrucki JW (2014) Evaluation of acridine orange, LysoTracker red, and quinacrine as fluorescent probes for long\u2010term tracking of acidic vesicles. Cytometry A 85: 729\u2013737","journal-title":"Cytometry A"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20151938","volume":"213","author":"X Qi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qi X, Man SM, Malireddi RK, Karki R, Lupfer C, Gurung P, Neale G, Guy CS, Lamkanfi M, Kanneganti TD (2016) Cathepsin B modulates lysosomal biogenesis and host defense against Francisella novicida infection. J Exp Med 213: 2081\u20132097","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900228","volume":"203","author":"M Rashidi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rashidi M, Simpson DS, Hempel A, Frank D, Petrie E, Vince A, Feltham R, Murphy J, Chatfield SM, Salvesen GS et\u00a0al (2019) The pyroptotic cell death effector Gasdermin D is activated by gout\u2010associated uric acid crystals but is dispensable for cell death and IL\u20101beta release. J Immunol 203: 736\u2013748","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.03.046","volume":"165","author":"VA Rathinam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rathinam VA, Fitzgerald KA (2016) Inflammasome complexes: emerging mechanisms and effector functions. Cell 165: 792\u2013800","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.03.016","volume":"46","author":"I Rauch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rauch I, Deets KA, Ji DX, von Moltke J, Tenthorey JL, Lee AY, Philip NH, Ayres JS, Brodsky IE, Gronert K et\u00a0al (2017) NAIP\u2010NLRC4 Inflammasomes coordinate intestinal epithelial cell expulsion with eicosanoid and IL\u201018 release via activation of Caspase\u20101 and \u20108. Immunity 46: 649\u2013659","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2018.04.011","volume":"53","author":"JI Rood","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rood JI, Adams V, Lacey J, Lyras D, McClane BA, Melville SB, Moore RJ, Popoff MR, Sarker MR, Songer JG et\u00a0al (2018) Expansion of the Clostridium perfringens toxin\u2010based typing scheme. Anaerobe 53: 5\u201310","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2927","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201545772","volume":"45","author":"S Ruhl","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ruhl S, Broz P (2015) Caspase\u201011 activates a canonical NLRP3 inflammasome by promoting K(+) efflux. Eur J Immunol 45: 2927\u20132936","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201694696","volume":"35","author":"L Sborgi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sborgi L, Ruhl S, Mulvihill E, Pipercevic J, Heilig R, Stahlberg H, Farady CJ, Muller DJ, Broz P, Hiller S (2016) GSDMD membrane pore formation constitutes the mechanism of pyroptotic cell death. EMBO J 35: 1766\u20131778","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.040","volume":"140","author":"K Schroder","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schroder K, Tschopp J (2010) The inflammasomes. Cell 140: 821\u2013832","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15514","volume":"526","author":"J Shi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shi J, Zhao Y, Wang K, Shi X, Wang Y, Huang H, Zhuang Y, Cai T, Wang F, Shao F (2015) Cleavage of GSDMD by inflammatory caspases determines pyroptotic cell death. Nature 526: 660\u2013665","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1800044","volume":"378","author":"DL Stevens","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stevens DL, Bryant AE (2018) Necrotizing soft\u2010tissue infections. N Engl J Med 378: 971","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2011.11.001","volume":"18","author":"DL Stevens","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stevens DL, Aldape MJ, Bryant AE (2012) Life\u2010threatening clostridial infections. Anaerobe 18: 254\u2013259","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.11.031","volume":"148","author":"L Sun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sun L, Wang H, Wang Z, He S, Chen S, Liao D, Wang L, Yan J, Liu W, Lei X et\u00a0al (2012) Mixed lineage kinase domain\u2010like protein mediates necrosis signaling downstream of RIP3 kinase. Cell 148: 213\u2013227","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0165-0","volume":"19","author":"KV Swanson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Swanson KV, Deng M, Ting JP (2019) The NLRP3 inflammasome: molecular activation and regulation to therapeutics. Nat Rev Immunol 19: 477\u2013489","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-019-0278-6","volume":"15","author":"A Tapia\u2010Abellan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tapia\u2010Abellan A, Angosto\u2010Bazarra D, Martinez\u2010Banaclocha H, de Torre\u2010Minguela C, Ceron\u2010Carrasco JP, Perez\u2010Sanchez H, Arostegui JI, Pelegrin P (2019) MCC950 closes the active conformation of NLRP3 to an inactive state. Nat Chem Biol 15: 560\u2013564","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR78","volume":"42","author":"K Tsujimoto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tsujimoto K, Jo T, Nagira D, Konaka H, Park JH, Yoshimura SI, Ninomiya A, Sugihara F, Hirayama T, Itotagawa E et\u00a0al (2022) The lysosomal Ragulator complex activates NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo via HDAC6. EMBO J 42: e111389","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.2174\/1875414701003020024","volume":"2","author":"FA Uzal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Uzal FA, Vidal JE, McClane BA, Gurjar AA (2010) Clostridium perfringens toxins involved in mammalian veterinary diseases. Open Toxinology J 2: 24\u201342","journal-title":"Open Toxinology J"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.13.168","volume":"9","author":"FA Uzal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Uzal FA, Freedman JC, Shrestha A, Theoret JR, Garcia J, Awad MM, Adams V, Moore RJ, Rood JI, McClane BA (2014) Towards an understanding of the role of Clostridium perfringens toxins in human and animal disease. Future Microbiol 9: 361\u2013377","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7051702","volume":"7","author":"S Verherstraeten","year":"2015","unstructured":"Verherstraeten S, Goossens E, Valgaeren B, Pardon B, Timbermont L, Haesebrouck F, Ducatelle R, Deprez P, Wade KR, Tweten R et\u00a0al (2015) Perfringolysin O: the underrated Clostridium perfringens toxin? Toxins 7: 1702\u20131721","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.10.103","volume":"25","author":"JE Vince","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vince JE, De Nardo D, Gao W, Vince AJ, Hall C, McArthur K, Simpson D, Vijayaraj S, Lindqvist LM, Bouillet P et\u00a0al (2018) The mitochondrial apoptotic effectors BAX\/BAK activate Caspase\u20103 and \u20107 to trigger NLRP3 inflammasome and Caspase\u20108 driven IL\u20101beta activation. Cell Rep 25: 2339\u20132353.e4","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80943-5","volume":"92","author":"S Wang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wang S, Miura M, Jung YK, Zhu H, Li E, Yuan J (1998) Murine caspase\u201011, an ICE\u2010interacting protease, is essential for the activation of ICE. Cell 92: 501\u2013509","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1111\/tra.12613","volume":"19","author":"F Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang F, Gomez\u2010Sintes R, Boya P (2018) Lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cell death. Traffic 19: 918\u2013931","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3174","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1915829117","volume":"117","author":"X Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang X, Eagen WJ, Lee JC (2020) Orchestration of human macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome activation by Staphylococcus aureus extracellular vesicles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 117: 3174\u20133184","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2019.09.005","volume":"40","author":"Y Xue","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xue Y, Enosi Tuipulotu D, Tan WH, Kay C, Man SM (2019) Emerging activators and regulators of inflammasomes and pyroptosis. Trends Immunol 40: 1035\u20131052","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1247\/csf.23.33","volume":"23","author":"A Yamamoto","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yamamoto A, Tagawa Y, Yoshimori T, Moriyama Y, Masaki R, Tashiro Y (1998) Bafilomycin A1 prevents maturation of autophagic vacuoles by inhibiting fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes in rat hepatoma cell line, H\u20104\u2010II\u2010E cells. Cell Struct Funct 23: 33\u201342","journal-title":"Cell Struct Funct"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02406","volume":"10","author":"K Yamamura","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yamamura K, Ashida H, Okano T, Kinoshita\u2010Daitoku R, Suzuki S, Ohtani K, Hamagaki M, Ikeda T, Suzuki T (2019) Inflammasome activation induced by Perfringolysin O of Clostridium perfringens and its involvement in the progression of gas gangrene. Front Microbiol 10: 2406","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"BFEMBR202254600_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abg0269","volume":"372","author":"Z Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng Z, Deng W, Bai Y, Miao R, Mei S, Zhang Z, Pan Y, Wang Y, Min R, Deng F et\u00a0al (2021) The lysosomal rag\u2010Ragulator complex licenses RIPK1\u2013 and caspase\u20108\u2013mediated pyroptosis by Yersinia. Science 372: eabg0269","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["EMBO Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.15252\/embr.202254600.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.15252\/embr.202254600\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.embopress.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.15252\/embr.202254600","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.15252\/embr.202254600.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T14:07:34Z","timestamp":1779113254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.15252\/embr.202254600"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]}},"alternative-id":["BFEMBR202254600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/embr.202254600","relation":{},"ISSN":["1469-221X","1469-3178"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1469-221X","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-3178","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 January 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 April 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"I.I.A. is Director of Lipotek, a niche biotech company with a focus on liposome technology. I.I.A. and J.D.P. are shareholders of Lipotek. A.A.B.R. is a named inventor on inflammasome inhibitor patents (WO2018215818, WO2017140778 and WO2016131098). All other authors have no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure and competing interests statement"}}],"article-number":"EMBR202254600"}}