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This study was aimed at analyzing whether local delivery of Semaphorin\u20103C (Sema3C) suppresses pathological retinal angiogenesis. Sema3C exerted potent inhibiting effects in cellular models of angiogenesis. In an endothelial cell xenotransplantation assay, Sema3C acted primarily on immature microvessels by inducing endothelial cell apoptosis. Intravitreal administration of recombinant Sema3C disrupted endothelial tip cell formation and cell\u2013cell contacts, which led to decreased vascular bed expansion and vessel branching in the growing retinal vasculature of newborn mice, while not affecting mature vessels in the adult retina. Sema3C administration strongly inhibited the formation of pathological pre\u2010retinal vascular tufts during oxygen\u2010induced retinopathy. Mechanistically, Sema3C signaled through the receptors Neuropilin\u20101 and PlexinD1, which were strongly expressed on vascular tufts, induced VE\u2010cadherin internalization, and abrogated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)\u2010induced activation of the kinases AKT, FAK, and p38MAPK. This disrupted endothelial cell junctions, focal adhesions, and cytoskeleton assembly resulted in decreased cell migration and survival. Thus, this study identified Sema3C as a potent and selective inhibitor of pathological retinal angiogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201404922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,20]],"date-time":"2015-07-20T21:15:19Z","timestamp":1437426919000},"page":"1267-1284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Semaphorin\u20103C signals through Neuropilin\u20101 and PlexinD1 receptors to inhibit pathological angiogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Wan\u2010Jen","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiyoshi","family":"Uemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Tetzlaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hellmut G","family":"Augustin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFEMMM201404922_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a001875","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a001875","volume":"2","author":"RH Adams","year":"2010","unstructured":"Adams RH, Eichmann A (2010) Axon guidance molecules in vascular patterning. 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