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They are also a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly and immunocompromised adults. High levels of neutralizing antibodies, mostly directed against the viral fusion (F) glycoprotein, correlate with protection against either hRSV or hMPV. However, no cross\u2010neutralization is observed in polyclonal antibody responses raised after virus infection or immunization with purified F proteins. Based on crystal structures of hRSV F and hMPV F, we designed chimeric F proteins in which certain residues of well\u2010characterized antigenic sites were swapped between the two antigens. The antigenic changes were monitored by ELISA with virus\u2010specific monoclonal antibodies. Inoculation of mice with these chimeras induced polyclonal cross\u2010neutralizing antibody responses, and mice were protected against challenge with the virus used for grafting of the heterologous antigenic site. These results provide a proof of principle for chimeric fusion proteins as single immunogens that can induce cross\u2010neutralizing antibody and protective responses against more than one human pneumovirus.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201708078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]],"date-time":"2017-12-07T20:20:17Z","timestamp":1512678017000},"page":"175-187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Chimeric Pneumoviridae fusion proteins as immunogens to induce cross\u2010neutralizing antibody responses"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Olmedillas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isidoro","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Luque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda C","family":"Terr\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason S","family":"McLellan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8148-6521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A","family":"Melero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"M\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFEMMM201708078_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.000031","volume":"96","author":"L Aerts","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aerts L, Rheaume C, Carbonneau J, Lavigne S, Couture C, Hamelin ME, Boivin G (2015) Adjuvant effect of the human metapneumovirus (HMPV) matrix protein in HMPV subunit vaccines. 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