{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T21:13:39Z","timestamp":1790025219554,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595808000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31003A_169204 and 310030B_189364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31003A_169204 and 310030B_189364"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003006","name":"ETH Zurich","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ETH-06 15-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ETH-06 15-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Marie Curie Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Marie Curie Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Swiss Government","award":["Excellence Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Excellence Fellowship"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EMBO Mol Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) play key roles in the pathogenesis of different human diseases, but the cross\u2010talk between FGFs and other cytokines remains largely unexplored. We identified an unexpected antagonistic effect of FGFs on the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of FGF receptor signaling in keratinocytes promoted the expression of interferon\u2010stimulated genes (ISG) and proteins\n                    <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Conversely, FGF7 or FGF10 treatment of keratinocytes suppressed ISG expression under homeostatic conditions and in response to IFN or poly(I:C) treatment. FGF\u2010mediated ISG suppression was independent of IFN receptors, occurred at the transcriptional level, and required FGF receptor kinase and proteasomal activity. It is not restricted to keratinocytes and functionally relevant, since FGFs promoted the replication of herpes simplex virus I (HSV\u20101), lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and Zika virus. Most importantly, inhibition of FGFR signaling blocked HSV\u20101 replication in cultured human keratinocytes and in mice. These results suggest the use of FGFR kinase inhibitors for the treatment of viral infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201911793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T04:06:04Z","timestamp":1595909164000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Antagonism of interferon signaling by fibroblast growth factors promotes viral replication"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4325-6220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Maddaluno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinne","family":"Urwyler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Rauschendorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debora","family":"Stefanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Sp\u00f6rri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Wietecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Ferrarese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Stoycheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Bender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Strittmatter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0562-968X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khondokar","family":"Nasirujjaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8085-713X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans\u2010Dietmar","family":"Beer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Staeheli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eberhard","family":"Hildt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Oxenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7397-8710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/35099560","volume":"413","author":"L Alexopoulou","year":"2001","unstructured":"Alexopoulou L, Holt AC, Medzhitov R, Flavell RA (2001) Recognition of double\u2010stranded RNA and activation of NF\u2010kappaB by Toll\u2010like receptor 3. Nature 413: 732\u2013738","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.4.2474","volume":"180","author":"N Ank","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ank N, Iversen MB, Bartholdy C, Staeheli P, Hartmann R, Jensen UB, Dagnaes\u2010Hansen F, Thomsen AR, Chen Z, Haugen H et\u00a0al (2008) An important role for type III interferon (IFN\u2010lambda\/IL\u201028) in TLR\u2010induced antiviral activity. J Immunol 180: 2474\u20132485","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.150","volume":"133","author":"R Aoki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aoki R, Kawamura T, Goshima F, Ogawa Y, Nakae S, Nakao A, Moriishi K, Nishiyama Y, Shimada S (2013) Mast cells play a key role in host defense against herpes simplex virus infection through TNF\u2010alpha and IL\u20106 production. J Invest Dermatol 133: 2170\u20132179","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR4","first-page":"92","volume":"31","author":"SD van Asten","year":"2018","unstructured":"van Asten SD, Raaben M, Nota B, Spaapen RM (2018) Secretome screening reveals fibroblast growth factors as novel inhibitors of viral replication. J\u00a0Virol 31: 92","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4473","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02498-06","volume":"81","author":"M Barro","year":"2007","unstructured":"Barro M, Patton JT (2007) Rotavirus NSP1 inhibits expression of type I interferon by antagonizing the function of interferon regulatory factors IRF3, IRF5, and IRF7. J Virol 81: 4473\u20134481","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4422","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.9.4422-4430.2006","volume":"80","author":"SM Battcock","year":"2006","unstructured":"Battcock SM, Collier TW, Zu D, Hirasawa K (2006) Negative regulation of the alpha interferon\u2010induced antiviral response by the Ras\/Raf\/MEK pathway. J Virol 80: 4422\u20134430","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2792","volume":"8","author":"A Beenken","year":"2009","unstructured":"Beenken A, Mohammadi M (2009) The FGF family: biology, pathophysiology and therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 8: 235\u2013253","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601950","volume":"27","author":"TA Beyer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Beyer TA, Xu W, Teupser D, auf dem Keller U, Bugnon P, Hildt E, Thiery J, Kan YW, Werner S (2008) Impaired liver regeneration in Nrf2 knockout mice: role of ROS\u2010mediated insulin\/IGF\u20101 resistance. EMBO J 27: 212\u2013223","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17928","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.788877","volume":"292","author":"T Blumer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blumer T, Coto\u2010Llerena M, Duong FHT, Heim MH (2017) SOCS1 is an inducible negative regulator of interferon lambda (IFN\u2010lambda)\u2010induced gene expression in\u00a0vivo. J Biol Chem 292: 17928\u201317938","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.106.3.761","volume":"106","author":"P Boukamp","year":"1988","unstructured":"Boukamp P, Petrussevska RT, Breitkreutz D, Hornung J, Markham A, Fusenig NE (1988) Normal keratinization in a spontaneously immortalized aneuploid human keratinocyte cell line. J Cell Biol 106: 761\u2013771","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2014.07.006","volume":"25","author":"AM Bruns","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bruns AM, Horvath CM (2014) Antiviral RNA recognition and assembly by RLR family innate immune sensors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 25: 507\u2013512","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.04.105","volume":"27","author":"M Cortese","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cortese M, Kumar A, Matula P, Kaderali L, Scaturro P, Erfle H, Acosta EG, Buehler S, Ruggieri A, Chatel\u2010Chaix L et\u00a0al (2019) Reciprocal effects of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling on dengue virus replication and virion production. Cell Rep 27: 2579\u20132592 e2576","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8197455","volume":"264","author":"JE Darnell Jr","year":"1994","unstructured":"Darnell JE Jr, Kerr IM, Stark GR (1994) Jak\u2010STAT pathways and transcriptional activation in response to IFNs and other extracellular signaling proteins. Science 264: 1415\u20131421","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-230X(04)91003-2","volume":"91","author":"PW Finch","year":"2004","unstructured":"Finch PW, Rubin JS (2004) Keratinocyte growth factor\/fibroblast growth factor 7, a homeostatic factor with therapeutic potential for epithelial protection and repair. Adv Cancer Res 91: 69\u2013136","journal-title":"Adv Cancer Res"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/337270a0","volume":"337","author":"T Fujita","year":"1989","unstructured":"Fujita T, Kimura Y, Miyamoto M, Barsoumian EL, Taniguchi T (1989) Induction of endogenous IFN\u2010alpha and IFN\u2010beta genes by a regulatory transcription factor, IRF\u20101. Nature 337: 270\u2013272","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-3034","volume":"72","author":"PR Gavine","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gavine PR, Mooney L, Kilgour E, Thomas AP, Al\u2010Kadhimi K, Beck S, Rooney C, Coleman T, Baker D, Mellor MJ et\u00a0al (2012) AZD4547: an orally bioavailable, potent, and selective inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase family. Cancer Res 72: 2045\u20132056","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.01.011","volume":"36","author":"DJ Gough","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gough DJ, Messina NL, Clarke CJ, Johnstone RW, Levy DE (2012) Constitutive type I interferon modulates homeostatic balance through tonic signaling. Immunity 36: 166\u2013174","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7066","DOI":"10.1021\/jm2006222","volume":"54","author":"V Guagnano","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guagnano V, Furet P, Spanka C, Bordas V, Le Douget M, Stamm C, Brueggen J, Jensen MR, Schnell C, Schmid H et\u00a0al (2011) Discovery of 3\u2010(2,6\u2010dichloro\u20103,5\u2010dimethoxy\u2010phenyl)\u20101\u2010{6\u2010[4\u2010(4\u2010ethyl\u2010piperazin\u20101\u2010yl)\u2010phenylamin o]\u2010pyrimidin\u20104\u2010yl}\u20101\u2010methyl\u2010urea (NVP\u2010BGJ398), a potent and selective inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinase. J Med Chem 54: 7066\u20137083","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8880","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00354-15","volume":"89","author":"R Hamel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hamel R, Dejarnac O, Wichit S, Ekchariyawat P, Neyret A, Luplertlop N, Perera\u2010Lecoin M, Surasombatpattana P, Talignani L, Thomas F et\u00a0al (2015) Biology of Zika virus infection in human skin cells. J Virol 89: 8880\u20138896","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03464","volume":"434","author":"K Honda","year":"2005","unstructured":"Honda K, Yanai H, Negishi H, Asagiri M, Sato M, Mizutani T, Shimada N, Ohba Y, Takaoka A, Yoshida N et\u00a0al (2005) IRF\u20107 is the master regulator of type\u2010I interferon\u2010dependent immune responses. Nature 434: 772\u2013777","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3581","volume":"14","author":"LB Ivashkiv","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ivashkiv LB, Donlin LT (2014) Regulation of type I interferon responses. Nat Rev Immunol 14: 36\u201349","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2162560","volume":"248","author":"RJ Kaner","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kaner RJ, Baird A, Mansukhani A, Basilico C, Summers BD, Florkiewicz RZ, Hajjar DP (1990) Fibroblast growth factor receptor is a portal of cellular entry for herpes simplex virus type 1. Science 248: 1410\u20131413","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W90","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw377","volume":"44","author":"MV Kuleshov","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kuleshov MV, Jones MR, Rouillard AD, Fernandez NF, Duan Q, Wang Z, Koplev S, Jenkins SL, Jagodnik KM, Lachmann A et\u00a0al (2016) Enrichr: a comprehensive gene set enrichment analysis web server 2016 update. Nucleic Acids Res 44: W90\u2013W97","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00598","volume":"7","author":"A Lasfar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lasfar A, Zloza A, de la Torre A, Cohen\u2010Solal KA (2016) IFN\u2010lambda: a new inducer of local immunity against cancer and infections. Front Immunol 7: 598","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2019.154870","volume":"126","author":"S Leviyang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leviyang S, Strawn N, Griva I (2019) Regulation of interferon stimulated gene expression levels at homeostasis. Cytokine 126: 154870","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02701","volume":"134","author":"C Li","year":"2007","unstructured":"Li C, Scott DA, Hatch E, Tian X, Mansour SL (2007) Dusp6 (Mkp3) is a negative feedback regulator of FGF\u2010stimulated ERK signaling during mouse development. Development 134: 167\u2013176","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz073","volume":"220","author":"D Limonta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Limonta D, Jovel J, Kumar A, Lu J, Hou S, Airo AM, Lopez\u2010Orozco J, Wong CP, Saito L, Branton W et\u00a0al (2019) Fibroblast growth factor 2 enhances Zika virus infection in human fetal brain. J Infect Dis 220: 1377\u20131387","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2227","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18102227","volume":"18","author":"D Lulli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lulli D, Carbone ML, Pastore S (2017) The MEK inhibitors trametinib and cobimetinib induce a type I interferon response in human keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 18: E2227","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4047","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.152587","volume":"144","author":"L Maddaluno","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maddaluno L, Urwyler C, Werner S (2017) Fibroblast growth factors: key players in regeneration and tissue repair. Development 144: 4047\u20134060","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.2174\/092986707780597907","volume":"14","author":"SG Maher","year":"2007","unstructured":"Maher SG, Romero\u2010Weaver AL, Scarzello AJ, Gamero AM (2007) Interferon: cellular executioner or white knight? Curr Med Chem 14: 1279\u20131289","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01135","volume":"9","author":"A Michalska","year":"2018","unstructured":"Michalska A, Blaszczyk K, Wesoly J, Bluyssen HAR (2018) A positive feedback amplifier circuit that regulates interferon (IFN)\u2010stimulated gene expression and controls type I and type II IFN responses. Front Immunol 9: 1135","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-522-0_5","volume":"507","author":"F Mohn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mohn F, Weber M, Schubeler D, Roloff TC (2009) Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP). Methods Mol Biol 507: 55\u201364","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000151","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000151","volume":"4","author":"M Mordstein","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mordstein M, Kochs G, Dumoutier L, Renauld JC, Paludan SR, Klucher K, Staeheli P (2008) Interferon\u2010lambda contributes to innate immunity of mice against influenza A virus but not against hepatotropic viruses. PLoS Pathog 4: e1000151","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.2000.01163.x","volume":"267","author":"K Nakagawa","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nakagawa K, Yokosawa H (2000) Degradation of transcription factor IRF\u20101 by the ubiquitin\u2010proteasome pathway. The C\u2010terminal region governs the protein stability. Eur J Biochem 267: 1680\u20131686","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1535","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.1535","volume":"4","author":"QM Nunes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nunes QM, Li Y, Sun C, Kinnunen TK, Fernig DG (2016) Fibroblast growth factors as tissue repair and regeneration therapeutics. PeerJ 4: e1535","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/wdev.176","volume":"4","author":"DM Ornitz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ornitz DM, Itoh N (2015) The fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol 4: 215\u2013266","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01019","volume":"10","author":"D Panda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Panda D, Gjinaj E, Bachu M, Squire E, Novatt H, Ozato K, Rabin RL (2019) IRF1 maintains optimal constitutive expression of antiviral genes and regulates the early antiviral response. Front Immunol 10: 1019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02917-14","volume":"89","author":"P Petermann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Petermann P, Thier K, Rahn E, Rixon FJ, Bloch W, Ozcelik S, Krummenacher C, Barron MJ, Dixon MJ, Scheu S et\u00a0al (2015) Entry mechanisms of herpes simplex virus 1 into murine epidermis: involvement of nectin\u20101 and herpesvirus entry mediator as cellular receptors. J Virol 89: 262\u2013274","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.2001.6.2.81","volume":"6","author":"LS Prince","year":"2001","unstructured":"Prince LS, Karp PH, Moninger TO, Welsh MJ (2001) KGF alters gene expression in human airway epithelia: potential regulation of the inflammatory response. Physiol Genomics 6: 81\u201389","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005544","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005544","volume":"12","author":"J Quantius","year":"2016","unstructured":"Quantius J, Schmoldt C, Vazquez\u2010Armendariz AI, Becker C, El Agha E, Wilhelm J, Morty RE, Vadasz I, Mayer K, Gattenloehner S et\u00a0al (2016) Influenza virus infects epithelial stem\/progenitor cells of the distal lung: impact on Fgfr2b\u2010driven epithelial repair. PLoS Pathog 12: e1005544","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR41","first-page":"e53046","volume":"24","author":"E Rahn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rahn E, Their K, Petermann P, Knebel\u2010M\u00f6rsdorf D (2015) Ex vivo infection of murine epidermis with Herpes Simplex Virus Type I. J Vis Exp 24: e53046","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10379","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01582-16","volume":"90","author":"CL Sayers","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sayers CL, Elliott G (2016) Herpes simplex virus 1 enters human keratinocytes by a nectin\u20101\u2010dependent, rapid plasma membrane fusion pathway that functions at low temperature. J Virol 90: 10379\u201310389","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120231","volume":"32","author":"WM Schneider","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schneider WM, Chevillotte MD, Rice CM (2014) Interferon\u2010stimulated genes: a complex web of host defenses. Annu Rev Immunol 32: 513\u2013545","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2011.10.008","volume":"1","author":"JW Schoggins","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schoggins JW, Rice CM (2011) Interferon\u2010stimulated genes and their antiviral effector functions. Curr Opin Virol 1: 519\u2013525","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2004086","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2004086","volume":"15","author":"AE Shaw","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shaw AE, Hughes J, Gu Q, Behdenna A, Singer JB, Dennis T, Orton RJ, Varela M, Gifford RJ, Wilson SJ et\u00a0al (2017) Fundamental properties of the mammalian innate immune system revealed by multispecies comparison of type I interferon responses. PLoS Biol 15: e2004086","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2015.12.022","volume":"136","author":"GE Strittmatter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Strittmatter GE, Sand J, Sauter M, Seyffert M, Steigerwald R, Fraefel C, Smola S, French LE, Beer HD (2016) IFN\u2010gamma primes keratinocytes for HSV\u20101\u2010induced inflammasome activation. J Invest Dermatol 136: 610\u2013620","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201545675","volume":"45","author":"J Sulcova","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sulcova J, Maddaluno L, Meyer M, Werner S (2015) Accumulation and activation of epidermal gammadelta T cells in a mouse model of chronic dermatitis is not required for the inflammatory phenotype. Eur J Immunol 45: 2517\u20132528","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2015.10.012","volume":"53","author":"Y Tanner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tanner Y, Grose RP (2016) Dysregulated FGF signalling in neoplastic disorders. Sem Cell Dev Biol 53: 126\u2013135","journal-title":"Sem Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2684","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-2329","volume":"21","author":"M Touat","year":"2015","unstructured":"Touat M, Ileana E, Postel\u2010Vinay S, Andre F, Soria JC (2015) Targeting FGFR signaling in cancer. Clin Cancer Res 21: 2684\u20132694","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-308003","volume":"65","author":"ND Van","year":"2016","unstructured":"Van ND, Falk CS, Sandmann L, Vondran FW, Helfritz F, Wedemeyer H, Manns MP, Ciesek S, von Hahn T (2016) Modulation of HCV reinfection after orthotopic liver transplantation by fibroblast growth factor\u20102 and other non\u2010interferon mediators. Gut 65: 1015\u20131023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2010.3211","volume":"13","author":"NF Villeneuve","year":"2010","unstructured":"Villeneuve NF, Lau A, Zhang DD (2010) Regulation of the Nrf2\u2010Keap1 antioxidant response by the ubiquitin proteasome system: an insight into cullin\u2010ring ubiquitin ligases. Antioxid Redox Signal 13: 1699\u20131712","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21752","volume":"220","author":"V Visco","year":"2009","unstructured":"Visco V, Bava FA, d'Alessandro F, Cavallini M, Ziparo V, Torrisi MR (2009) Human colon fibroblasts induce differentiation and proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells through the direct paracrine action of keratinocyte growth factor. J Cell Physiol 220: 204\u2013213","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6896","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.15.6896","volume":"89","author":"S Werner","year":"1992","unstructured":"Werner S, Peters KG, Longaker MT, Fuller\u2010Pace F, Banda MJ, Williams LT (1992) Large induction of keratinocyte growth factor expression in the dermis during wound healing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 6896\u20136900","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200910126","volume":"188","author":"J Yang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yang J, Meyer M, Muller AK, Bohm F, Grose R, Dauwalder T, Verrey F, Kopf M, Partanen J, Bloch W et\u00a0al (2010) Fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 and 2 in keratinocytes control the epidermal barrier and cutaneous homeostasis. J Cell Biol 188: 935\u2013952","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15694","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M601252200","volume":"281","author":"X Zhang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zhang X, Ibrahimi OA, Olsen SK, Umemori H, Mohammadi M, Ornitz DM (2006) Receptor specificity of the fibroblast growth factor family. The complete mammalian FGF family. J Biol Chem 281: 15694\u201315700","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2015.09.007","volume":"53","author":"J Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang J, Li Y (2016) Therapeutic uses of FGFs. Sem Cell Dev Biol 53: 144\u2013154","journal-title":"Sem Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2016.08.002","volume":"28","author":"X Zhao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhao X, Zhu H, Yu J, Li H, Ge J, Chen W (2016) c\u2010Cbl\u2010mediated ubiquitination of IRF3 negatively regulates IFN\u2010beta production and cellular antiviral response. Cell Signal 28: 1683\u20131693","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"BFEMMM201911793_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3088","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003088","volume":"8","author":"X Zhu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhu X, He Z, Hu Y, Wen W, Lin C, Yu J, Pan J, Li R, Deng H, Liao S et\u00a0al (2014) MicroRNA\u201030e* suppresses dengue virus replication by promoting NF\u2010kappaB\u2010dependent IFN production. PLoS Neglect Trop Dis 8: e3088","journal-title":"PLoS Neglect Trop Dis"}],"container-title":["EMBO Molecular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.15252\/emmm.201911793.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.15252\/emmm.201911793","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.15252\/emmm.201911793\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.embopress.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.15252\/emmm.201911793","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.15252\/emmm.201911793.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T06:31:11Z","timestamp":1779085871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.15252\/emmm.201911793"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]]}},"alternative-id":["BFEMMM201911793"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/emmm.201911793","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-4676","1757-4684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-4676","type":"print"},{"value":"1757-4684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 November 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 June 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 June 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 July 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"L.M., M.M., and S.W. have filed a patent for the use of FGFR inhibitors in antiviral defense (Filing No. EP3308786A1). There are no additional competing interests of any of the authors.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"EMMM201911793"}}