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The elevated pre\u2010rRNA level of T cells is also observed in both mouse heart or skin transplantation models and in kidney transplanted patients. Importantly, T\u2010cell activation can be significantly suppressed by inhibiting NF45\/NF90\u2010dependent rDNA transcription. Amazingly, CX5461, a rDNA transcription\u2010specific inhibitor, outperformed FK506, the most commonly used immunosuppressant, both in terms of potency and off\u2010target activity (i.e., toxicity), as demonstrated by a series of skin and heart allograft models. Collectively, this reveals NF45\/NF90\u2010mediated rDNA transcription as a novel signaling pathway essential for T\u2010cell activation and as a new target for the development of safe and effective immunosuppressants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202012834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T01:38:40Z","timestamp":1612834720000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["NF45\/NF90\u2010mediated rDNA transcription provides a novel target for immunosuppressant development"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4233-1428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsiang\u2010i","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3111-9202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaobin","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Longshan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shengchang","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingyi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhanxue","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huanxi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zirong","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yijing","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changxi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John E","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenbin","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0954-5600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongbo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFEMMM202012834_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.02.004","volume":"35","author":"J Alijotas\u2010Reig","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alijotas\u2010Reig J, Llurba E, Gris JM (2014) Potentiating maternal immune tolerance in pregnancy: a new challenging role for regulatory T cells. 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