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However, the application of this knowledge to develop therapeutic strategies remained unsuccessful due to the harmful consequences of manipulating cellular antioxidant systems. Here, we show that vanadium pentoxide (V\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) nanosheets functionally mimic natural glutathione peroxidase activity to mitigate ROS associated with HIV\u20101 infection without adversely affecting cellular physiology. Using genetic reporters of glutathione redox potential and hydrogen peroxide, we showed that V\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanosheets catalyze ROS neutralization in HIV\u20101\u2010infected cells and uniformly block viral reactivation and replication. Mechanistically, V\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanosheets suppressed HIV\u20101 by affecting the expression of pathways coordinating redox balance, virus transactivation (\n                    <jats:italic>e.g.,<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0NF\u2010\u03baB), inflammation, and apoptosis. Importantly, a combination of V\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanosheets with a pharmacological inhibitor of NF\u2010\u03baB (BAY11\u20107082) abrogated reactivation of HIV\u20101. Lastly, V\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanosheets inhibit viral reactivation upon prostratin stimulation of latently infected CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells from HIV\u2010infected patients receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Our data successfully revealed the usefulness of V\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanosheets against HIV and suggested nanozymes as future platforms to develop interventions against infectious diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202013314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T07:06:28Z","timestamp":1617260788000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Antioxidant nanozyme counteracts HIV\u20101 by modulating intracellular redox potential"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Shalini","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sourav","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virender Kumar","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MohamedHusen","family":"Munshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Shekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diwakar Tumkur","family":"Narasimha Murthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5389-5309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Govindasamy","family":"Mugesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6761-1664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFEMMM202013314_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1086\/314550","volume":"179","author":"C Amiel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Amiel C, Darcissac E, Truong MJ, Dewulf J, Loyens M, Mouton Y, Capron A, Bahr GM (1999) Interleukin\u201016 (IL\u201016) inhibits human immunodeficiency virus replication in cells from infected subjects, and serum IL\u201016 levels drop with disease progression. 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