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We found that intratumoral delivery of NK cells attains significant therapeutic effects only if co\u2010injected with anti\u2010NKG2A and anti\u2010Qa\u20101\n                    <jats:sup>b<\/jats:sup>\n                    blocking monoclonal antibodies against solid mouse tumor models. Such therapeutic activity was contingent on endogenous CD8 T cells and type\u20101 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1). Moreover, the anti\u2010tumor effects were enhanced upon combination with systemic anti\u2010PD\u20101 mAb treatment and achieved partial abscopal efficacy against distant non\u2010injected tumors. In xenografted mice bearing HLA\u2010E\u2010expressing human cancer cells, intratumoral co\u2010injection of activated allogeneic human NK cells and clinical\u2010grade anti\u2010NKG2A mAb (monalizumab) synergistically achieved therapeutic effects. In conclusion, these studies provide evidence for the clinical potential of intratumoral NK cell\u2010based immunotherapies that exert their anti\u2010tumor efficacy as a result of eliciting endogenous T\u2010cell responses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202317804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T10:10:12Z","timestamp":1696241412000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Intratumoral co\u2010injection of NK cells and NKG2A\u2010neutralizing monoclonal antibodies"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1360-348X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Melero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria C","family":"Ochoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6161-7141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1797-3397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Sanchez\u2010Gregorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saray","family":"Garasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6476-0998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Luri\u2010Rey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Hervas\u2010Stubbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noelia","family":"Casares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6510-1844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edurne","family":"Elizalde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4361-3328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Gomis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8493-7113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Assunta","family":"Cirella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Berraondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvaro","family":"Teijeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5969-9181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maite","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFEMMM202317804_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-08-665570","volume":"127","author":"M Alvarez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alvarez M, Sun K, Murphy WJ (2016) Mouse host unlicensed NK cells promote donor allogeneic bone marrow engraftment. 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