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A MenB vaccine (4CMenB) was licensed by the European Medicines Agency in January 2013. Here we describe the blood transcriptome and proteome following infant immunisations with or without concomitant 4CMenB, to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying post\u2010vaccination reactogenicity and immunogenicity. Infants were randomised to receive control immunisations (PCV13 and DTaP\u2010IPV\u2010Hib) with or without 4CMenB at 2 and 4\u00a0months of age. Blood gene expression and plasma proteins were measured prior to, then 4\u00a0h, 24\u00a0h, 3\u00a0days or 7\u00a0days post\u2010vaccination. 4CMenB vaccination was associated with increased expression of\n                    <jats:italic>ENTPD7<\/jats:italic>\n                    and increased concentrations of 4 plasma proteins: CRP, G\u2010CSF, IL\u20101RA and IL\u20106. Post\u2010vaccination fever was associated with increased expression of\n                    <jats:italic>SELL<\/jats:italic>\n                    , involved in neutrophil recruitment. A murine model dissecting the vaccine components found the concomitant regimen to be associated with increased gene perturbation compared with 4CMenB vaccine alone with enhancement of pathways such as interleukin\u20103, \u20105 and GM\u2010CSF signalling. Finally, we present transcriptomic profiles predictive of immunological and febrile responses following 4CMenB vaccine.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15252\/msb.20209888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T04:48:33Z","timestamp":1605761313000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Gene expression profiling reveals insights into infant immunological and febrile responses to group B meningococcal vaccine"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6902-9886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta Valente","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9456-5712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dylan","family":"Sheerin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Tomic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth E","family":"Drury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8166-8680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Channon\u2010Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ushma","family":"Galal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Dold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Kerridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Plested","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harri","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Stockdale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manish","family":"Sadarangani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew D","family":"Snape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9712-8080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine S","family":"Rollier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J","family":"Pollard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFMSB20209888_CR1","first-page":"780","volume":"10","author":"N Andrews","year":"2003","unstructured":"Andrews N, Borrow R, Miller E (2003) Validation of serological correlate of protection for meningococcal C conjugate vaccine by using efficacy estimates from postlicensure surveillance in England. 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MDS acts as a Chief\/Principal Investigator on clinical trials funded by vaccine manufacturers including GSK group of companies, Novavax, Medimmune, MCM, Pfizer and Janssen. These studies are conducted on behalf of the University of Oxford and MDS receives no personal financial benefit. MVP is a member of the Portuguese National Immunisation Technical Advisory Group (Comiss\u00e3o T\u00e9cnica de Vacina\u00e7\u00e3o da Direc\u00e7\u00e3o Geral de Sa\u00fade).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"MSB20209888"}}