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Persisters can resuscitate from dormancy after treatment and prolong infections. Resuscitation is thought to occur stochastically, but its transient, single\u2010cell nature makes it difficult to investigate. We tracked the resuscitation of individual persisters by microscopy after ampicillin treatment and, by characterizing their dynamics, discovered that\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                    persisters resuscitate exponentially rather than stochastically. We demonstrated that the key parameters controlling resuscitation map to the ampicillin concentration during treatment and efflux during resuscitation. Consistently, we observed many persister progeny have structural defects and transcriptional responses indicative of cellular damage, for both \u03b2\u2010lactam and quinolone antibiotics. During resuscitation, damaged persisters partition unevenly, generating both healthy daughter cells and defective ones. This persister partitioning phenomenon was observed in\n                    <jats:italic>S.\u00a0enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and an\n                    <jats:italic>E.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    urinary tract infection (UTI) isolate. It was also observed in the standard persister assay and after\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    treatment of a clinical UTI sample. This study reveals novel properties of resuscitation and indicates that persister partitioning may be a survival strategy in bacteria that lack genetic resistance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15252\/msb.202211320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T04:34:34Z","timestamp":1677818074000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Resuscitation dynamics reveal persister partitioning after antibiotic treatment"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4118-7815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3960-527X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle R","family":"Allison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFMSB202211320_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1216166","volume":"335","author":"BB Aldridge","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aldridge BB, Fernandez\u2010Suarez M, Heller D, Ambravaneswaran V, Irimia D, Toner M, Fortune SM (2012) Asymmetry and aging of mycobacterial cells lead to variable growth and antibiotic susceptibility. 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