{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T02:44:27Z","timestamp":1777517067365,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Comorb"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multimorbidity, the co-existence of two or more (2+) long-term conditions in an individual, is common among problem drug abusers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To delineate the patterns, multimorbidity prevalence, and disease severity in patients enrolled in a community-based primary care methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) programme.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective cohort study ( n=274). The comparator group consisted of mainstream primary care patients. Electronic medical record assessment was performed using the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence of multimorbidity across 2+ domains was significantly higher within the MMT sample at 88.7% (243\/274) than the comparator sample at 51.8% (142\/274), p&lt;0.001. MMT patients were seven times more likely to have multimorbidity across 2+ domains compared with mainstream patients (OR 7.29, 95% confidence interval 4.68\u201311.34; p&lt;0.001). Prevalence of multimorbidity was consistently high across all age groups in the MMT cohort (range 87.8\u2013100%), while there was a positive correlation with age in the comparator cohort ( r=0.29, p&lt;0.001). Respiratory, psychiatric, and hepatic\u2013pancreatic domains were the three most common domains with multimorbidity. Overall, MMT patients (mean\u00b1SD, 1.97\u00b10.43) demonstrated significantly higher disease severity than mainstream patients (mean\u00b1SD, 1.18\u00b10.78), p&lt;0.001. Prevalence of moderate disease severity observed in the &lt;45-year MMT age group was 50% higher than the \u226545-year comparator age group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence of multimorbidity and disease severity in MMT patients was greater than in the age- and sex-matched comparators. Patients with a history of drug abuse require co-ordinated care for treatment of their addiction, and to manage and prevent chronic illnesses. Community-based programmes delivered through primary care help fulfil this need.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.15256\/joc.2014.4.42","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,6]],"date-time":"2014-10-06T06:52:52Z","timestamp":1412578372000},"page":"46-54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Multimorbidity in Patients Enrolled in a Community-Based Methadone Maintenance Treatment Programme Delivered through Primary Care"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Diane E.","family":"Arnold-Reed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Practice and Primary Health Care Research, School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Brett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Practice and Primary Health Care Research, School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lakkhina","family":"Troeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Practice and Primary Health Care Research, School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasmine","family":"O'Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Practice and Primary Health Care Research, School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia"},{"name":"Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rupert","family":"Backhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murray Medical Centre, Mandurah, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Max K.","family":"Bulsara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-joc.2014.4.42","unstructured":"United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime. 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