{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T05:05:23Z","timestamp":1789448723886,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.25-00169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T12:07:07Z","timestamp":1768824427000},"page":"921-929","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["12-Step Participation Is Linked to Lower Drinking and Specific Impulsive Personality Traits in Early Alcohol Use Disorder Recovery"],"prefix":"10.15288","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Emily E.","family":"Levitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Youth Wellness Centre, St. Joseph\u2019s Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyla L.","family":"Belisario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph\u2019s Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Doggett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph\u2019s Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liah","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph\u2019s Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Clifton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Stout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Pawtucket, Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John F.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Recovery Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"MacKillop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph\u2019s Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5950","reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Alcoholics Anonymous. (2020). Estimated worldwide A.A. individual and group membership. https:\/\/www.aa.org\/assets\/en_US\/smf-132_en.pdf"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13535"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13481"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2012.691448"},{"key":"B6","unstructured":"Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2015). Behavioral health trends in the United States: Results from the 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. SMA 15-4927, NSDUH Series H-50). http:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.53.2.189"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12131"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.02.013"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019623"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.032"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v042.i08"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02895034"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550880902772464"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13590"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-018-0203-1"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00712.x"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14067"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03593.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"B20","volume":"2020","author":"Kelly J. F.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16066350902770458"},{"issue":"2","key":"B22","first-page":"119","volume":"114","author":"Kelly J. F.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2010.01362.x"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.10.005"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035973"},{"key":"B26","author":"Lenth R.","year":"2025","journal-title":"emmeans: Estimated marginal means, aka least-squares means"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70172"},{"issue":"4","key":"B28","first-page":"570","volume":"84","author":"Levitt E. E.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.75.4.542"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.11.002"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2019.1638406"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12132"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2229-0"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-016-4372-0"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.65.5.768"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000628"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428114548590"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-6180.1000334"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(199511)51:6<768::AID-JCLP2270510607>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"B40","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2025"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i02"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-8_Part_2-199710151-00064"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-0357-5_3"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02467.x"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(00)00064-7"},{"key":"B47","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019","journal-title":"Global status report on alcohol and health 2018"}],"container-title":["Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jsad.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.15288\/jsad.25-00169","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T05:01:04Z","timestamp":1789448464000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jsad.com\/doi\/10.15288\/jsad.25-00169"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.15288\/jsad.25-00169"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15288\/jsad.25-00169","relation":{},"ISSN":["1937-1888","1938-4114"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1937-1888","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-4114","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}}}