{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T14:16:52Z","timestamp":1784557012242,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525132800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ec.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Iodine deficiency during pregnancy is associated with obstetric and neonatal adverse outcomes. Serum thyroglobulin (sTg) and thyroid volume (TV) are optional tools to urinary iodine concentration (UIC) for defining iodine status. This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the iodine status of pregnant women living in iodine-adequate area by spot UIC and correlation with sTg, TV and thyroid function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two hundred and seventy-three pregnant women were evaluated at three trimesters. All had no previous thyroid disease, no iodine supplementation and negative thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies. Thyroid function and sTg were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. TV was determined by ultrasonography; UIC was determined using a modified Sandell\u2013Kolthoff method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Median UIC was 146\u2009\u00b5g\/L, being 52% iodine deficient and only 4% excessive. TSH values were 1.50\u2009\u00b1\u20090.92, 1.50\u2009\u00b1\u20090.92 and 1.91\u2009\u00b1\u20090.96\u2009mIU\/L, respectively, in each trimester (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). sTg did not change significantly during trimesters with median 11.2\u2009ng\/mL and only 3.3% had above 40\u2009ng\/mL. Mean TV was 9.3\u2009\u00b1\u20093.4\u2009mL, which positively correlated with body mass index, but not with sTg. Only 4.5% presented with goitre.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>When pregnant women were categorized as iodine deficient (UIC\u2009&lt;\u2009150\u2009\u00b5g\/L), adequate (\u2265150 and &lt;250\u2009\u00b5g\/L) and excessive (\u2265250\u2009\u00b5g\/L), sTg, thyroid hormones and TV at each trimester showed no statistical differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Iodine deficiency was detected frequently in pregnant women living in iodine-adequate area. sTg concentration and TV did not correlate to UIC. Our observation also demonstrated that the Brazilian salt-iodization programme prevents deficiency, but does not maintain iodine status within adequate and recommended ranges for pregnant women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/ec-18-0131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,26]],"date-time":"2018-04-26T11:40:20Z","timestamp":1524742820000},"page":"762-767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["High prevalence of iodine deficiency in pregnant women living in adequate iodine area"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ver\u00f4nica Carneiro Borges","family":"Mioto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Thyroid Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina de Castro Nassif Gomes","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Ultrasound Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalinda Yossie Asato","family":"de Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Thyroid Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9ia Rodrigues","family":"Borel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Clinic of the Parais\u00f3polis Community Einstein Project, Jewish School of Health Sciences Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina Maria","family":"Catarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Hematology and Biochemistry, Center of Pathology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Ultrasound Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Chammas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Ultrasound Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suemi","family":"Marui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Thyroid Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"ref61","first-page":"536","article-title":"Thyroid size and thyroid function during pregnancy: an analysis","volume":"138","year":"1998","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-2730000002979","article-title":"Iodine insufficiency in pregnant women from the State of S\u00e3o Paulo","volume":"58","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia e Metabologia"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980007360928","article-title":"Iodine deficiency and brain development in the first half of pregnancy","volume":"10","year":"2007","journal-title":"Public Health 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Is iodine supplementation necessary?","volume":"61","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinolog\u00eda y Nutrici\u00f3n"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980007360886","article-title":"The importance of iodine nutrition during pregnancy","volume":"10","year":"2007","journal-title":"Public Health Nutrition"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2010.0077","article-title":"Iodine status of the U.S. population, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005\u20132006 and 2007\u20132008","volume":"21","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2015.0448","article-title":"Iodine nutritional status in schoolchildren from public schools in Brazil: a cross-sectional study exposes association with socioeconomic factors and food insecurity","volume":"26","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2015.0448","article-title":"Iodine nutritional status in schoolchildren from public schools in Brazil: a cross-sectional study exposes association with socioeconomic factors and food insecurity","volume":"26","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345192","article-title":"Urinary iodine concentration during pregnancy in an area of unstable dietary iodine intake in Switzerland","volume":"26","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3952","article-title":"Thyroglobulin is a sensitive measure of both deficient and excess iodine intakes in children and indicates no adverse effects on thyroid function in the UIC range of 100\u2013299 \u03bcg\/L: a UNICEF\/ICCIDD study group report","volume":"98","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"ref281","first-page":"536","article-title":"Thyroid size and thyroid function during pregnancy: an analysis","volume":"138","year":"1998","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-017-0622-1","article-title":"Thyroid volume and serum calcitonin changes during pregnancy","volume":"40","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation"}],"container-title":["Endocrine Connections"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ec.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/ec\/7\/5\/EC-18-0131.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ec.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ec\/7\/5\/EC-18-0131.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:42:53Z","timestamp":1784554973000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/ec\/article\/7\/5\/762-767\/314"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/ec-18-0131","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-3614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-3614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}}}