{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T14:16:56Z","timestamp":1784557016552,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ec.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n Analysis of steroids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) defines a subject\u2019s steroidal fingerprint. Here, we compare the steroidal fingerprints of obese children with or without liver disease to identify the \u2018steroid metabolomic signature\u2019 of childhood nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Urinary samples of 85 children aged 8.5\u201318.0 years with BMI >97% were quantified for 31 steroid metabolites by GC-MS. The fingerprints of 21 children with liver disease (L1) as assessed by sonographic steatosis (L1\n L<\/jats:sup>\n ), elevated alanine aminotransferases (L1\n A<\/jats:sup>\n ) or both (L1\n AL<\/jats:sup>\n ), were compared to 64 children without markers of liver disease (L0). The steroidal signature of the liver disease was generated as the difference in profiles of L1 against L0 groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n L1 comparing to L0 presented higher fasting triglycerides (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.004), insulin (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.002), INS\/GLU (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.003), HOMA-IR (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.002), GGTP (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.006), AST\/SGOT (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.002), postprandial glucose (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.001) and insulin (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.011). L1\n AL<\/jats:sup>\n showed highest level of T-cholesterol and triglycerides (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.029;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.044). Fasting insulin, postprandial glucose, INS\/GLU and HOMA-IR were highest in L1\n L<\/jats:sup>\n and L1\n AL<\/jats:sup>\n (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.001;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.017;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.001;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.001). The liver disease steroidal signature was marked by lower DHEA and its metabolites, higher glucocorticoids (mostly tetrahydrocortisone) and lower mineralocorticoid metabolites than L0. L1 patients showed higher 5\u03b1-reductase and 21-hydroxylase activity (the highest in L1\n A<\/jats:sup>\n and L1\n AL<\/jats:sup>\n ) and lower activity of 11\u03b2HSD1 than L0 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.041,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.009,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.019).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The \u2018steroid metabolomic signature\u2019 of liver disease in childhood obesity provides a new approach to the diagnosis and further understanding of its metabolic consequences. It reflects the derangements of steroid metabolism in NAFLD that includes enhanced glucocorticoids and deranged androgens and mineralocorticoids.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/ec-18-0536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T12:13:18Z","timestamp":1557403998000},"page":"764-771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Steroid metabolomic signature of liver disease in nonsyndromic childhood obesity"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Aneta","family":"Gawlik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Upper Silesia Children\u2019s Care Health Centre, Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Shmoish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Bioinformatics Knowledge Unit, Lorry I. Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela F","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Steroid Research & Mass Spectrometry Unit, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan A","family":"Wudy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Steroid Research & Mass Spectrometry Unit, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zbigniew","family":"Olczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Upper Silesia Children\u2019s Care Health Centre, Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Gruszczynska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Department of Diagnostic Imaging, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Upper Silesia Children\u2019s Care Health Centre, Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ze\u2019ev","family":"Hochberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Faculty of Medicine, Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","container-title":["Endocrine Connections"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ec.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/ec\/8\/6\/EC-18-0536.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ec.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ec\/8\/6\/EC-18-0536.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:43:17Z","timestamp":1784554997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/ec\/article\/8\/6\/764-771\/513"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/ec-18-0536","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-3614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-3614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}}}