{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T14:17:18Z","timestamp":1784557038821,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["ec.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n More than 30% of the German population suffers from mild to moderate iodine deficiency causing goiter and other iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs). The economic burden of iodine deficiency is still unclear. We aimed to assess costs for prevention, monitoring and treatment of IDDs in Germany.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n We performed a comprehensive cost analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We assessed direct medical costs and direct non-medical costs for inpatient and outpatient care of IDDs and costs for productivity loss due to the absence of work in 2018. Additionally, we calculated total costs for an IDD prevention program comprising universal salt iodization (USI). We performed threshold analyses projecting how many cases of IDDs or related treatments would need to be avoided for USI to be cost-saving.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Annual average costs per case in the year of diagnosis were \u20ac 211 for goiter\/thyroid nodules; \u20ac 308 for hyperthyroidism; and \u20ac 274 for hypothyroidism. Average one-time costs for thyroidectomy were \u20ac 4184 and \u20ac 3118 for radioiodine therapy. Average costs for one case of spontaneous abortion were \u20ac 916. Annual costs of intellectual disability were \u20ac 14,202. In the German population, total annual costs for USI would amount to 8 million Euro. To be cost-saving, USI would need to prevent, for example, 37,900 cases of goiter\/thyroid nodules.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n USI potentially saves costs, if a minimum amount of IDDs per year could be avoided. In order to recommend the implementation of USI, a full health-economic evaluation including a comprehensive benefit-harm assessment is needed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/ec-20-0384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]],"date-time":"2020-12-02T11:38:13Z","timestamp":1606909093000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The economic impact of prevention, monitoring and treatment strategies for iodine deficiency disorders in Germany"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Monika","family":"Schaffner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT \u2013 University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall i.T., Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Rochau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT \u2013 University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall i.T., Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolai","family":"M\u00fchlberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT \u2013 University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall i.T., Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Conrads-Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT \u2013 University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall i.T., Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vjollca","family":"Qerimi Rushaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT \u2013 University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall i.T., Austria"},{"name":"2Faculty of Pharmacy, School of PhD Studies, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaby","family":"Sroczynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT \u2013 University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall i.T., Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eftychia","family":"Koukkou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3General Hospital \u2018Elena Venizelou\u2019, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betina Heinsbaek","family":"Thuesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Centre for Clinical Research and Prevention, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"V\u00f6lzke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilhelm","family":"Oberaigner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT \u2013 University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall i.T., Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Siebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT \u2013 University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall i.T., Austria"},{"name":"6Center for Health Decision Science, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"7Department of Radiology, Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","container-title":["Endocrine Connections"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ec.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/ec\/10\/1\/EC-20-0384.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ec.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ec\/10\/1\/EC-20-0384.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:44:11Z","timestamp":1784555051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/ec\/article\/10\/1\/1-12\/141"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/ec-20-0384","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-3614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-3614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}}}