{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:48:10Z","timestamp":1791856090938,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["ec.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To estimate the effect of oral contraceptives (OC) containing different progestins on parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism through a systematic review and meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n Premenopausal women aged 18 or older, who received oral contraceptives containing chlormadinone, cyproterone, drospirenone, levonorgestrel, desogestrel, dienogest, gestodene or norgestimate, for at least 3 months. Outcome variables were changes in plasma lipids, BMI, insulin resistance and plasma glucose. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for randomized trials and estimated the pooled within-group change in each outcome variable using a random-effects model. We performed subgroup analyses by study duration (<12 months vs \u226512 months) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) status.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Eighty-two clinical trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All progestins (except dienogest) increased plasma TG, ranging from 12.1 mg\/dL for levonorgestrel (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) to 35.1 mg\/dL for chlormadinone (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Most progestins also increased HDLc, with the largest effect observed for chlormadinone (+9.6 mg\/dL,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) and drospirenone (+7.4 mg\/dL,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Meanwhile, levonorgestrel decreased HDLc by 4.4 mg\/dL (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Levonorgestrel (+6.8 mg\/dL,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) and norgestimate (+11.5 mg\/dL,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.003) increased LDLc, while dienogest decreased it (\u20137.7 mg\/dL,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.04). Cyproterone slightly reduced plasma glucose. None of the progestins affected BMI or HOMA-IR. Similar results were observed in subgroups defined by PCOS or study duration.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Most progestins increase both TG and HDLc, their effect on LDLc varies widely. OC have minor or no effects on BMI, HOMA-IR and glycemia. The antiandrogen progestins dienogest and cyproterone displayed the most favorable metabolic profile, while levonorgestrel displayed the least favorable.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/ec-20-0423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]],"date-time":"2020-09-11T04:56:43Z","timestamp":1599800203000},"page":"978-998","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Effects of oral contraceptives on metabolic parameters in adult premenopausal women: a meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Lina S","family":"Silva-Bermudez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freddy J K","family":"Toloza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria C","family":"Perez-Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell J","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Banfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Vargas-Villanueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos O","family":"Mendivil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, and Fundaci\u00f3n Santa Fe de Bogot\u00e1, Section of Endocrinology, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","container-title":["Endocrine Connections"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ec.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/ec\/9\/10\/EC-20-0423.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ec.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ec\/9\/10\/EC-20-0423.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:44:13Z","timestamp":1784555053000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/ec\/article\/9\/10\/978-998\/734"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/ec-20-0423","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-3614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-3614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}}}