{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T14:17:04Z","timestamp":1784557024720,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ec.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following the evolution of COVID-19 pandemic, reports pointed on a high prevalence of thyroiditis-related thyrotoxicosis. Interpretation of thyroid tests during illness, however, is hampered by changes occurring in the context of non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS). In order to elucidate these findings, we studied thyroid function in carefully selected cohorts of COVID-19 positive and negative patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohort observational study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We measured TSH, FT4, T3 within 24 h of admission in 196 patients without thyroid disease and\/or confounding medications. In this study, 102 patients were SARS-CoV-2 positive; 41 admitted in the ICU, 46 in the ward and 15 outpatients. Controls consisted of 94 SARS-CoV-2 negative patients; 39 in the ICU and 55 in the ward. We designated the thyroid hormone patterns as consistent with NTIS, thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A NTIS pattern was encountered in 60% of ICU and 36% of ward patients, with similar frequencies between SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative patients (46.0% vs 46.8%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009NS). A thyrotoxicosis pattern was observed in 14.6% SARS-CoV-2 ICU patients vs 7.7% in ICU negative (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009NS) and, overall in 8.8% of SARS-CoV-2 positive vs 7.4% of negative patients. In these patients, thyroglobulin levels were similar to those with normal thyroid function or NTIS. The hypothyroidism pattern was rare.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NTIS pattern is common and relates to the severity of disease rather than SARS-CoV-2 infection. A thyrotoxicosis pattern is less frequently observed with similar frequency between patients with and without COVID-19. It is suggested that thyroid hormone monitoring in COVID-19 should not differ from other critically ill patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/ec-21-0029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T13:54:10Z","timestamp":1621432450000},"page":"646-655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Thyroid hormone alterations in critically and non-critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Dimitra Argyro","family":"Vassiliadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, National Expertise Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Ilias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Elena Venizelou Hospital, Elena Venizelou Square, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Pratikaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"31st Department of Critical Care & Pulmonary Services, Medical School National & Kapodistrian, Evangelismos Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edison","family":"Jahaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"31st Department of Critical Care & Pulmonary Services, Medical School National & Kapodistrian, Evangelismos Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice G","family":"Vassiliou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"41st Department of Critical Care, GP Livanos & M Simou Laboratories, Medical School National & Kapodistrian, Evangelismos Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Detsika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"41st Department of Critical Care, GP Livanos & M Simou Laboratories, Medical School National & Kapodistrian, Evangelismos Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kleio","family":"Ampelakiotou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Koulenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, National Expertise Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos N","family":"Manolopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, National Expertise Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stamatis","family":"Tsipilis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"31st Department of Critical Care & Pulmonary Services, Medical School National & Kapodistrian, Evangelismos Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evdokia","family":"Gavrielatou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"31st Department of Critical Care & Pulmonary Services, Medical School National & Kapodistrian, Evangelismos Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aristidis","family":"Diamantopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, National Expertise Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Zacharis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"31st Department of Critical Care & Pulmonary Services, Medical School National & Kapodistrian, Evangelismos Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolaos","family":"Athanasiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"31st Department of Critical Care & Pulmonary Services, Medical School National & Kapodistrian, Evangelismos Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stylianos","family":"Orfanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"62nd Department of Critical Care Medical School National & Kapodistrian University of Athens Attikon University Hospital, Athens-Haidari, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Kotanidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"31st Department of Critical Care & Pulmonary Services, Medical School National & Kapodistrian, Evangelismos Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stylianos","family":"Tsagarakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, National Expertise Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioanna","family":"Dimopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"31st Department of Critical Care & Pulmonary Services, Medical School National & Kapodistrian, Evangelismos Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","container-title":["Endocrine Connections"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ec.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/ec\/10\/6\/EC-21-0029.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ec.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ec\/10\/6\/EC-21-0029.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:44:25Z","timestamp":1784555065000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/ec\/article\/10\/6\/646-655\/808"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/ec-21-0029","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-3614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-3614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]}}}