{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T03:21:51Z","timestamp":1785208911990,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ec.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A systematic review of publications addressing change in vitamin D status (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD)) after exposure to UV radiation identified 2001 independent peer-reviewed publications. Of these, 21 used artificial sources of UV radiation, met all inclusion criteria and were quality assured; 13 publications used solar radiation and met sufficient inclusion criteria to be retained as supporting evidence; 1 further included publication used both solar and artificial sources. The review consistently identified that low dose, sub-erythemal doses are more effective for vitamin D synthesis than doses close to a minimum erythema dose; increasing skin area exposed increases the amount of vitamin D synthesised although not necessarily in a linear manner; constant dosing leads to a dose-dependent plateau in 25OHD, and dose\u2013response is greatest at the start of a dosing regime; there is a large interpersonal variation in response to UV exposure. Fourteen of the studies using artificial sources of radiation were used to determine a dose\u2013response relationship for change in 25OHD on whole-body exposure to repeated sub-erythemal doses of UV radiation, taking the form \u039425OHD (nmol\/L)\u2009=\u2009A ln(standard vitamin D dose)\u2009+\u2009B. This helps quantify our understanding of UV as a source of vitamin D and enables exposure regimes for safe synthesis of vitamin D to be assessed. Specific studies of people with pigmented skin (Fitzpatrick skin types 5 and 6) were rare, and this dose\u2013response relationship is only applicable to white-skinned individuals as skin type is a determinant of response to UV radiation. Findings provide information for vitamin D guidance updates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/ec-21-0308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T08:15:02Z","timestamp":1631607302000},"page":"R248-R266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["100 YEARS OF VITAMIN D: Dose\u2013response for change in 25-hydroxyvitamin D after UV exposure: outcome of a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2173-0902","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ann R","family":"Webb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3197-9739","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rehab","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"},{"name":"2Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1826-3653","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Richard","family":"Kift","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9107-6654","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lesley E","family":"Rhodes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","container-title":["Endocrine Connections"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ec.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/ec\/10\/10\/EC-21-0308.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ec.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ec\/10\/10\/EC-21-0308.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:44:45Z","timestamp":1784555085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/ec\/article\/10\/10\/R248-R266\/172"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/ec-21-0308","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-3614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-3614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]}}}