{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T14:16:40Z","timestamp":1784557000140,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ec.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Vitamin D receptors are present in the female reproductive tract. Studies on the association between serum vitamin D level and pregnancy rate of\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      fertilization (IVF) showed inconsistent results and focused on a single fresh or frozen embryo transfer cycle. The objective of our study was to evaluate if serum vitamin D level before ovarian stimulation was associated with the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) of the first IVF cycle.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women who underwent the first IVF cycle from 2012 to 2016 at a university-affiliated reproductive medicine center were included. Archived serum samples taken before ovarian stimulation were analyzed for 25(OH)D levels using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 1113 had pregnancy outcome from the completed IVF cycle. The median age (25th\u201375th percentile) of the women was 36 (34\u201338) years and serum 25(OH)D level was 53.4 (41.9\u201366.6) nmol\/L. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (less than 50 nmol\/L) was 42.2%. The CLBR in the vitamin D-deficient group was significantly lower compared to the non-deficient group (43.9%, 208\/474 vs 50.9%, 325\/639,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2009=\u20090.021, unadjusted), and after controlling for women\u2019s age, BMI, antral follicle count, type and duration of infertility. There were no differences in the clinical\/ongoing pregnancy rate, live birth rate and miscarriage rate in the fresh cycle between the vitamin D deficient and non-deficient groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent in infertile women in subtropical Hong Kong. The CLBR of the first IVF cycle in the vitamin D-deficient group was significantly lower compared to the non-deficient group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/ec-21-0444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]],"date-time":"2022-01-14T10:49:16Z","timestamp":1642157356000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["100 YEARS OF VITAMIN D: Effect of serum vitamin D level before ovarian stimulation on the cumulative live birth rate of women undergoing in vitro fertilization: a retrospective analysis"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0475-0645","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jennifer K Y","family":"Ko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinghua","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond H W","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William S B","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernest H Y","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2007.00302.x","article-title":"Treatment of vitamin D deficiency with UV light in patients with malabsorption syndromes: a case series","volume":"23","author":"Chandra","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chandra PWolfenden LLZiegler TRTian JLuo MStecenko AAChen TCHolick MFTangpricha V. Treatment of vitamin D deficiency with UV light in patients with malabsorption syndromes: a case series. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine200723179\u2013185. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2007.00302.x)10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2007.00302.x"},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0984","article-title":"Vitamin D and fertility: a systematic review","volume":"166","author":"Lerchbaum","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lerchbaum EObermayer-Pietsch B. Vitamin D and fertility: a systematic review. European Journal of Endocrinology2012166765\u2013778. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EJE-11-0984)10.1530\/EJE-11-0984"},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0000000000000065","article-title":"Vitamin D and female fertility","volume":"26","author":"Lerchbaum","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lerchbaum ERabe T. Vitamin D and female fertility. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology201426145\u2013150. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/GCO.0000000000000065)10.1097\/GCO.0000000000000065"},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"New England Journal of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency","volume":"357","author":"Holick","year":"2007","unstructured":"Holick MFVitamin D deficiency. New England Journal of Medicine2007357266\u2013281. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra070553)10.1056\/NEJMra070553"},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"Fertility and Sterility","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)00669-5","article-title":"Seasonal variability in fertilization and embryo quality rates in women undergoing IVF","volume":"74","author":"Rojansky","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rojansky NBenshushan AMeirsdorf SLewin ALaufer NSafran A. Seasonal variability in fertilization and embryo quality rates in women undergoing IVF. Fertility and Sterility200074476\u2013481. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0015-0282(0000669-5)10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)00669-5"},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"Nature Genetics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0897-391","article-title":"Mice lacking the vitamin D receptor exhibit impaired bone formation, uterine hypoplasia and growth retardation after weaning","volume":"16","author":"Yoshizawa","year":"1997","unstructured":"Yoshizawa THanda YUematsu YTakeda SSekine KYoshihara YKawakami TArioka KSato HUchiyama Yet al. Mice lacking the vitamin D receptor exhibit impaired bone formation, uterine hypoplasia and growth retardation after weaning. Nature Genetics199716391\u2013396. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ng0897-391)10.1038\/ng0897-391"},{"key":"bib7","series-title":"Hormone and Metabolic Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1262837","article-title":"Vitamin D regulates steroidogenesis and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) production in human ovarian cells","volume":"42","author":"Parikh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Parikh GVaradinova MSuwandhi PAraki TRosenwaks ZPoretsky LSeto-Young D. Vitamin D regulates steroidogenesis and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) production in human ovarian cells. Hormone and Metabolic Research201042754\u2013757. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0030-1262837)10.1055\/s-0030-1262837"},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"Fertility and Sterility","article-title":"Role of vitamin D in ovarian physiology and its implication in reproduction: a systematic review","volume":"102","author":"Irani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Irani MMerhi Z. Role of vitamin D in ovarian physiology and its implication in reproduction: a systematic review. Fertility and Sterility2014102 460.e3\u2013468.e3. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.04.046)"},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"Clinical Endocrinology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2012.04434.x","article-title":"Vitamin D in the aetiology and management of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"77","author":"Thomson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thomson RLSpedding SBuckley JD. Vitamin D in the aetiology and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Clinical Endocrinology201277343\u2013350. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2012.04434.x)10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2012.04434.x"},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Nature Reviews: Endocrinology","first-page":"175","article-title":"Vitamin D and male reproduction","volume":"10","author":"Blomberg Jensen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Blomberg Jensen MVitamin D and male reproduction. Nature Reviews: Endocrinology201410175\u2013186. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrendo.2013.262)"},{"key":"bib11","series-title":"Human Reproduction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3321","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des280","article-title":"Characterizing the influence of vitamin D levels on IVF outcomes","volume":"27","author":"Rudick","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rudick BIngles SChung KStanczyk FPaulson RBendikson K. Characterizing the influence of vitamin D levels on IVF outcomes. Human Reproduction2012273321\u20133327. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/des280)10.1093\/humrep\/des280"},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"Fertility and Sterility","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.10.008","article-title":"Influence of vitamin D levels on in vitro fertilization outcomes in donor-recipient cycles","volume":"101","author":"Rudick","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rudick BJIngles SAChung KStanczyk FZPaulson RJBendikson KA. Influence of vitamin D levels on in vitro fertilization outcomes in donor-recipient cycles. Fertility and Sterility2014101447\u2013452. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.10.008)10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.10.008"},{"key":"bib13","series-title":"Fertility and Sterility","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.05.019","article-title":"Replete vitamin D stores predict reproductive success following in vitro fertilization","volume":"94","author":"Ozkan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ozkan SJindal SGreenseid KShu JZeitlian GHickmon CPal L. Replete vitamin D stores predict reproductive success following in vitro fertilization. Fertility and Sterility2010941314\u20131319. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.05.019)10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.05.019"},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"CMAJ Open","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E77","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20120032","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D status on clinical pregnancy rates following in vitro fertilization","volume":"1","author":"Garbedian","year":"2013","unstructured":"Garbedian KBoggild MMoody JLiu KE. Effect of vitamin D status on clinical pregnancy rates following in vitro fertilization. CMAJ Open20131E77\u2013E82. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9778\/cmajo.20120032)10.9778\/cmajo.20120032"},{"key":"bib15","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2372","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1802","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and infertility: insights from in vitro fertilization cycles","volume":"99","author":"Paffoni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Paffoni AFerrari SVigano PPagliardini LPapaleo ECandiani MTirelli AFedele LSomigliana E. Vitamin D deficiency and infertility: insights from in vitro fertilization cycles. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism201499E2372\u2013E2376. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2014-1802)10.1210\/jc.2014-1802"},{"key":"bib16","series-title":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","article-title":"Prognostic value of follicular fluid 25-OH vitamin D and glucose levels in the IVF outcome","volume":"8","author":"Anifandis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Anifandis GMDafopoulos KMessini CIChalvatzas NLiakos NPournaras SMessinis IE. Prognostic value of follicular fluid 25-OH vitamin D and glucose levels in the IVF outcome. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology20108 91. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1477-7827-8-91)"},{"key":"bib17","series-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2011.07.006","article-title":"Predictive value of the level of vitamin D in follicular fluid on the outcome of assisted reproductive technology","volume":"159","author":"Aleyasin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aleyasin AHosseini MAMahdavi ASafdarian LFallahi PMohajeri MRAbbasi MEsfahani F. Predictive value of the level of vitamin D in follicular fluid on the outcome of assisted reproductive technology. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology2011159132\u2013137. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2011.07.006)10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2011.07.006"},{"key":"bib18","series-title":"Fertility and Sterility","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.08.030","article-title":"Impact of circulating levels of total and bioavailable serum vitamin D on pregnancy rate in egg donation recipients","volume":"102","author":"Fabris","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fabris APacheco ACruz MPuente JMFatemi HGarcia-Velasco JA. Impact of circulating levels of total and bioavailable serum vitamin D on pregnancy rate in egg donation recipients. Fertility and Sterility20141021608\u20131612. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.08.030)10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.08.030"},{"key":"bib19","series-title":"Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-013-2959-9","article-title":"Value of follicular fluid vitamin D in predicting the pregnancy rate in an IVF program","volume":"289","author":"Firouzabadi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Firouzabadi RDRahmani ERahsepar MFirouzabadi MM. Value of follicular fluid vitamin D in predicting the pregnancy rate in an IVF program. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics2014289201\u2013206. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-013-2959-9)10.1007\/s00404-013-2959-9"},{"key":"bib20","series-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.09.029","article-title":"Vitamin D levels do not affect IVF outcomes following the transfer of euploid blastocysts","volume":"212","author":"Franasiak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Franasiak JMMolinaro TADubell EKScott KLRuiz ARForman EJWerner MDHong KHScott Jr RT. Vitamin D levels do not affect IVF outcomes following the transfer of euploid blastocysts. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology2015212315.e1\u2013315.e6. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.09.029)10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.09.029"},{"key":"bib21","series-title":"Reproductive Biomedicine Online","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2018.12.036","article-title":"The effect of serum vitamin D levels in couples on embryo development and clinical outcomes","volume":"38","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jiang LJi LSong JQian K. The effect of serum vitamin D levels in couples on embryo development and clinical outcomes. Reproductive Biomedicine Online201938699\u2013710. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rbmo.2018.12.036)10.1016\/j.rbmo.2018.12.036"},{"key":"bib22","series-title":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","article-title":"Whether vitamin D was associated with clinical outcome after IVF\/ICSI: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao JHuang XXu BYan YZhang QLi Y. Whether vitamin D was associated with clinical outcome after IVF\/ICSI: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology201816 13. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12958-018-0324-3)"},{"key":"bib23","series-title":"Human Reproduction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex326","article-title":"Vitamin D and assisted reproductive treatment outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Chu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chu JGallos ITobias ATan BEapen ACoomarasamy A. Vitamin D and assisted reproductive treatment outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Human Reproduction20183365\u201380. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/dex326)10.1093\/humrep\/dex326"},{"key":"bib24","series-title":"Human Fertility","first-page":"1","article-title":"Women\u2019s vitamin D levels and IVF results: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis, considering three categories of vitamin status (replete, insufficient and deficient","author":"Iliuta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Iliuta FPijoan JILainz LExposito AMatorras R. Women\u2019s vitamin D levels and IVF results: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis, considering three categories of vitamin status (replete, insufficient and deficient). Human Fertility20201\u201319. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14647273.2020.1807618)"},{"key":"bib25","series-title":"Fertility and Sterility","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.05.040","article-title":"How vitamin D level influences in vitro fertilization outcomes: results of a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"114","author":"Cozzolino","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cozzolino MBusnelli APellegrini LRiviello EVitagliano A. How vitamin D level influences in vitro fertilization outcomes: results of a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertility and Sterility20201141014\u20131025. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.05.040)10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.05.040"},{"key":"bib26","series-title":"Human Reproduction","first-page":"2703","article-title":"Cumulative live birth rate: time for a consensus?","volume":"30","author":"Maheshwari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maheshwari AMcLernon DBhattacharya S. Cumulative live birth rate: time for a consensus?Human Reproduction2015302703\u20132707. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/dev263)"},{"key":"bib27","series-title":"Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-013-0151-6","article-title":"Cumulative live-birth rate in women with polycystic ovary syndrome or isolated polycystic ovaries undergoing in-vitro fertilisation treatment","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li HWLee VCLau EYYeung WSHo PCNg EH. Cumulative live-birth rate in women with polycystic ovary syndrome or isolated polycystic ovaries undergoing in-vitro fertilisation treatment. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics201431205\u2013211. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10815-013-0151-6)10.1007\/s10815-013-0151-6"},{"key":"bib28","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385","article-title":"Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"96","author":"Holick","year":"2011","unstructured":"Holick MFBinkley NCBischoff-Ferrari HAGordon CMHanley DAHeaney RPMurad MHWeaver CM & Endocrine Society. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism2011961911\u20131930. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2011-0385)10.1210\/jc.2011-0385"},{"key":"bib29","series-title":"PLoS ONE","article-title":"Role of baseline antral follicle count and anti-Mullerian hormone in prediction of cumulative live birth in the first in vitro fertilisation cycle: a retrospective cohort analysis","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li HWLee VCLau EYYeung WSHo PCNg EH. Role of baseline antral follicle count and anti-Mullerian hormone in prediction of cumulative live birth in the first in vitro fertilisation cycle: a retrospective cohort analysis. PLoS ONE20138 e61095. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0061095)"},{"key":"bib30","series-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.3.690","article-title":"Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity","volume":"72","author":"Wortsman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wortsman JMatsuoka LYChen TCLu ZHolick MF. Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition200072690\u2013693. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/72.3.690)10.1093\/ajcn\/72.3.690"},{"key":"bib31","series-title":"Human Reproduction Update","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx017","article-title":"GnRH antagonist versus long agonist protocols in IVF: a systematic review and meta-analysis accounting for patient type","volume":"23","author":"Lambalk","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lambalk CBBanga FRHuirne JAToftager MPinborg AHomburg Rvan der Veen Fvan Wely M. GnRH antagonist versus long agonist protocols in IVF: a systematic review and meta-analysis accounting for patient type. Human Reproduction Update201723560\u2013579. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humupd\/dmx017)10.1093\/humupd\/dmx017"},{"key":"bib32","series-title":"Human Reproduction","first-page":"556","article-title":"Cumulative live birth rates after one ART cycle including all subsequent frozen-thaw cycles in 1050 women: secondary outcome of an RCT comparing GnRH-antagonist and GnRH-agonist protocols","volume":"32","author":"Toftager","year":"2017","unstructured":"Toftager MBogstad JLossl KPraetorius LZedeler ABryndorf TNilas LPinborg A. Cumulative live birth rates after one ART cycle including all subsequent frozen-thaw cycles in 1050 women: secondary outcome of an RCT comparing GnRH-antagonist and GnRH-agonist protocols. Human Reproduction201732556\u2013567. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/dew358)"},{"key":"bib33","series-title":"PNAS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7498","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.131029498","article-title":"Targeted ablation of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1alpha-hydroxylase enzyme: evidence for skeletal, reproductive, and immune dysfunction","volume":"98","author":"Panda","year":"2001","unstructured":"Panda DKMiao DTremblay MLSirois JFarookhi RHendy GNGoltzman D. Targeted ablation of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1alpha-hydroxylase enzyme: evidence for skeletal, reproductive, and immune dysfunction. PNAS2001987498\u20137503. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.131029498)10.1073\/pnas.131029498"},{"key":"bib34","series-title":"Journal of Reproduction and Fertility","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0910059","article-title":"1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces in vivo the decidualization of rat endometrial cells","volume":"91","author":"Halhali","year":"1991","unstructured":"Halhali AAcker GMGarabedian M. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces in vivo the decidualization of rat endometrial cells. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility19919159\u201364. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/jrf.0.0910059)10.1530\/jrf.0.0910059"},{"key":"bib35","series-title":"Molecular Endocrinology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2004-0336","article-title":"Direct regulation of HOXA10 by 1,25-(OH)2D3 in human myelomonocytic cells and human endometrial stromal cells","volume":"19","author":"Du","year":"2005","unstructured":"Du HDaftary GSLalwani SITaylor HS. Direct regulation of HOXA10 by 1,25-(OH)2D3 in human myelomonocytic cells and human endometrial stromal cells. Molecular Endocrinology2005192222\u20132233. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/me.2004-0336)10.1210\/me.2004-0336"},{"key":"bib36","series-title":"Journal of Endocrinology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R93","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-17-0491","article-title":"Vitamin D, the placenta and early pregnancy: effects on trophoblast function","volume":"236","author":"Ganguly","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ganguly ATamblyn JAFinn-Sell SChan SYWestwood MGupta JKilby MDGross SRHewison M. Vitamin D, the placenta and early pregnancy: effects on trophoblast function. Journal of Endocrinology2018236R93\u2013R103. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/JOE-17-0491)10.1530\/JOE-17-0491"},{"key":"bib37","series-title":"Endocrinology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-112-1-200","article-title":"The ovary: a target organ for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3","volume":"112","author":"Dokoh","year":"1983","unstructured":"Dokoh SDonaldson CAMarion SLPike JWHaussler MR. The ovary: a target organ for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Endocrinology1983112200\u2013206. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endo-112-1-200)10.1210\/endo-112-1-200"},{"key":"bib38","series-title":"Lancet: Diabetes and Endocrinology","first-page":"725","article-title":"Association of preconception serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with livebirth and pregnancy loss: a prospective cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Mumford","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mumford SLGarbose RAKim KKissell KKuhr DLOmosigho URPerkins NJGalai NSilver RMSjaarda LAet al. Association of preconception serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with livebirth and pregnancy loss: a prospective cohort study. Lancet: Diabetes and Endocrinology20186725\u2013732. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(1830153-0)"},{"key":"bib39","series-title":"Lancet: Diabetes and Endocrinology","first-page":"680","article-title":"The earlier the better: preconception vitamin D and protection against pregnancy loss","volume":"6","author":"Hewison","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hewison MThe earlier the better: preconception vitamin D and protection against pregnancy loss. Lancet: Diabetes and Endocrinology20186680\u2013681. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(1830178-5)"},{"key":"bib40","series-title":"Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.4103\/jhrs.JHRS_117_16","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency does not influence reproductive outcomes of IVF-ICSI: a study of oocyte donors and recipients","volume":"10","author":"Banker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Banker MSorathiya DShah S. Vitamin D deficiency does not influence reproductive outcomes of IVF-ICSI: a study of oocyte donors and recipients. Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences20171079\u201385. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jhrs.JHRS_117_16)10.4103\/jhrs.JHRS_117_16"},{"key":"bib41","series-title":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2017.1411897","article-title":"Effect of serum vitamin D level on endometrial thickness and parameters of follicle growth in infertile women undergoing induction of ovulation","volume":"38","author":"Arabian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arabian SRaoofi Z. Effect of serum vitamin D level on endometrial thickness and parameters of follicle growth in infertile women undergoing induction of ovulation. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology201838833\u2013835. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01443615.2017.1411897)10.1080\/01443615.2017.1411897"},{"key":"bib42","series-title":"Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-013-3055-x","article-title":"Vitamin D improves endometrial thickness in PCOS women who need intrauterine insemination: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"289","author":"Asadi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Asadi MMatin NFrootan MMohamadpour JQorbani MTanha FD. Vitamin D improves endometrial thickness in PCOS women who need intrauterine insemination: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics2014289865\u2013870. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-013-3055-x)10.1007\/s00404-013-3055-x"},{"key":"bib43","series-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition","first-page":"231","article-title":"Vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults in Hong Kong: associations and implications","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang EWPang MYSiu PMLai CKWoo JCollins ARBenzie IF. Vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults in Hong Kong: associations and implications. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition201827231\u2013237. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6133\/apjcn.022017.08)"},{"key":"bib44","series-title":"British Journal of Nutrition","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507844382","article-title":"Very high rates of vitamin D insufficiency in women of child-bearing age living in Beijing and Hong Kong","volume":"99","author":"Woo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Woo JLam CWLeung JLau WYLau ELing XXing XZhao XHSkeaff CMBacon CJet al. Very high rates of vitamin D insufficiency in women of child-bearing age living in Beijing and Hong Kong. British Journal of Nutrition2008991330\u20131334. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007114507844382)10.1017\/S0007114507844382"},{"key":"bib45","series-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13968","article-title":"Global prevalence and disease burden of vitamin D deficiency: a roadmap for action in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"1430","author":"Roth","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roth DEAbrams SAAloia JBergeron GBourassa MWBrown KHCalvo MSCashman KDCombs GDe-Regil LMet al. Global prevalence and disease burden of vitamin D deficiency: a roadmap for action in low- and middle-income countries. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences2018143044\u201379. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nyas.13968)10.1111\/nyas.13968"},{"key":"bib46","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2601","article-title":"Guidelines for preventing and treating vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency revisited","volume":"97","author":"Holick","year":"2012","unstructured":"Holick MFBinkley NCBischoff-Ferrari HAGordon CMHanley DAHeaney RPMurad MHWeaver CM. Guidelines for preventing and treating vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency revisited. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism2012971153\u20131158. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2011-2601)10.1210\/jc.2011-2601"},{"key":"bib47","series-title":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-020-0558-y","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency 2.0: an update on the current status worldwide","volume":"74","author":"Amrein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amrein KScherkl MHoffmann MNeuwersch-Sommeregger SKostenberger MTmava Berisha AMartucci GPilz SMalle O. Vitamin D deficiency 2.0: an update on the current status worldwide. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition2020741498\u20131513. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41430-020-0558-y)10.1038\/s41430-020-0558-y"},{"key":"bib48","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3027","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-4352","article-title":"Vitamin D status relates to reproductive outcome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"101","author":"Pal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pal LZhang HWilliams JSantoro NFDiamond MPSchlaff WDCoutifaris CCarson SASteinkampf MPCarr BRet al. Vitamin D status relates to reproductive outcome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism20161013027\u20133035. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2015-4352)10.1210\/jc.2015-4352"},{"key":"bib49","series-title":"Gene","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2018.08.056","article-title":"Effects of CYP2R1 gene variants on vitamin D levels and status: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"678","author":"Duan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Duan LXue ZJi HZhang DWang Y. Effects of CYP2R1 gene variants on vitamin D levels and status: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gene2018678361\u2013369. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gene.2018.08.056)10.1016\/j.gene.2018.08.056"},{"key":"bib50","series-title":"Clinical Endocrinology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13825","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D supplementation on free and total vitamin D: a comparison of Asians and Caucasians","volume":"90","author":"Gopal-Kothandapani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gopal-Kothandapani JSEvans LFWalsh JSGossiel FRigby ASEastell RBishop NJ. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on free and total vitamin D: a comparison of Asians and Caucasians. Clinical Endocrinology201990222\u2013231. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.13825)10.1111\/cen.13825"},{"key":"bib51","series-title":"Journal of Human Genetics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/jhg.2013.84","article-title":"Genetic variant in vitamin D binding protein is associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D insufficiency in southern Chinese","volume":"58","author":"Cheung","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cheung CLLau KSSham PCTan KCKung AW. Genetic variant in vitamin D binding protein is associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D insufficiency in southern Chinese. Journal of Human Genetics201358749\u2013751. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jhg.2013.84)10.1038\/jhg.2013.84"},{"key":"bib52","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-01414","article-title":"Controversies in vitamin D: summary statement From an international conference","volume":"104","author":"Giustina","year":"2019","unstructured":"Giustina AAdler RABinkley NBouillon REbeling PRLazaretti-Castro MMarcocci CRizzoli RSempos CTBilezikian JP. Controversies in vitamin D: summary statement From an international conference. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism2019104234\u2013240. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2018-01414)10.1210\/jc.2018-01414"},{"issue":"Supplement","key":"bib53","series-title":"Fertility and Sterility","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.978","article-title":"The degradation of vitamin D across time: an issue leading to unreliable results in reproductive research","volume":"112","author":"Lara-Molina","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lara-Molina EEFranasiak JMDevesa-Peiro ALopez-Nogueroles MFlorensa MMartin MBallesteros APellicer ADiaz-Gimeno P. The degradation of vitamin D across time: an issue leading to unreliable results in reproductive research. Fertility and Sterility2019112 (Supplement) e339\u2013e340. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.978)10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.978"}],"container-title":["Endocrine Connections"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ec.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/ec\/11\/2\/EC-21-0444.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ec.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ec\/11\/2\/EC-21-0444.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ec.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ec\/11\/2\/EC-21-0444.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:44:54Z","timestamp":1784555094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/ec\/article\/940"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/ec-21-0444","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-3614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-3614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]}}}