{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:12:22Z","timestamp":1790611942414,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ec.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Newborns with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) have an impaired postnatal activation of the gonadotropic axis. Substitutive therapy with recombinant gonadotropins can be proposed to mimic physiological male mini-puberty during the first months of life. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and biological efficacy of two treatment modalities of gonadotropins administration during mini-puberty in CHH neonates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multicenter retrospective analytical epidemiological study comparing two treatments, pump vs injection, between 2004 and 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical (penile size, testis size, testicular descent) and biological parameters (serum concentrations of testosterone, anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH) and Inhibin B) were compared between the two groups by multivariate analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty-five patients were included. A significantly higher increase in penile length and testosterone level was observed in the injection group compared to the pump group (+0.16 \u00b1 0.02 mm vs +0.10 \u00b1 0.02 mm per day,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002; and +0.04 \u00b1 0.007 ng\/mL vs +0.01 \u00b1 0.008 ng\/mL per day,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). In both groups, significant increases in penile length and width, testosterone, AMH, and Inhibin B levels were observed, as well as improved testicular descent (odds ratio of not being in a scrotal position at the end of treatment\u2009=\u20090.97 (0.96; 0.99)).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early postnatal administration of recombinant gonadotropins in CHH boys is effective in stimulating penile growth, Sertoli cell proliferation, and testicular descent, with both treatment modalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/ec-22-0252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T11:59:37Z","timestamp":1675252777000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Gonadotropin administration to mimic mini-puberty in hypogonadotropic males: pump or injections?"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9266-9534","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tristan","family":"Avril","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Department, CHU Bicetre, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Reference Center for Rare Disease CRMR DevGen, Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quentin","family":"Hennocq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Datascience platform, Imagine Institute, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Sophie","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Department, CHU Bicetre, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Reference Center for Rare Disease CRMR DevGen, Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3708-7341","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juliane","family":"Leger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Department, CHU Robert Debr\u00e9, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Reference Center for Rare Disease CRMR de la Croissance et du D\u00e9veloppement, Paris, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Facult\u00e9 de Sant\u00e9, UFR de M\u00e9decine, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Department, CHU Robert Debr\u00e9, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Reference Center for Rare Disease CRMR de la Croissance et du D\u00e9veloppement, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laetitia","family":"Martinerie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Department, CHU Robert Debr\u00e9, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Reference Center for Rare Disease CRMR de la Croissance et du D\u00e9veloppement, Paris, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Facult\u00e9 de Sant\u00e9, UFR de M\u00e9decine, Paris, France"},{"name":"Inserm UMR1185, Le Kremlin Bicetre, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Bouvattier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Department, CHU Bicetre, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Reference Center for Rare Disease CRMR DevGen, Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre, Paris, France"},{"name":"Inserm UMR1185, Le Kremlin Bicetre, Paris, France"},{"name":"Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology (Lausanne)","first-page":"97","article-title":"Congenital hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism: minipuberty and the case for neonatal diagnosis","volume":"10","author":"Swee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Swee DSQuinton R. 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