{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T03:49:53Z","timestamp":1790480993247,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686268800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ec.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The patient\u2013physician relationship is a critical determinant of patient health outcomes. Verbal and non-verbal communication, such as eye gaze, are vital aspects of this bond. Neurobiological studies indicate that oxytocin may serve as a link between increased eye gaze and social bonding. Therefore, oxytocin signaling could serve as a key factor influencing eye gaze as well as the patient\u2013physician relationship. We aimed to test the effects of oxytocin on gaze to the eyes of the physician and the patient\u2013physician relationship by conducting a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial in healthy volunteers with intranasally administered oxytocin (with a previously effective single dose of 24 IU, EudraCT number 2018-004081-34). The eye gaze of 68 male volunteers was studied using eye tracking during a simulated video call consultation with a physician, who provided information about vaccination against the human papillomavirus. Relationship outcomes, including trust, satisfaction, and perceived physician communication style, were measured using questionnaires and corrected for possible confounds (social anxiety and attachment orientation). Additional secondary outcome measures for the effect of oxytocin were recall of information and pupil diameter and exploratory outcomes included mood and anxiety measures. Oxytocin did not affect the eye-tracking parameters of volunteers\u2019 gaze toward the eyes of the physician. Moreover, oxytocin did not affect the parameters of bonding between volunteers and the physician nor other secondary and exploratory outcomes in this setting. Bayesian hypothesis testing provided evidence for the absence of effects. These results contradict the notion that oxytocin affects eye gaze patterns or bonding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/ec-22-0377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T11:45:53Z","timestamp":1686311153000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nasal oxytocin administration does not influence eye gaze or perceived relationship of male volunteers with physicians in a simulated online consultation: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8814-3679","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chiara","family":"Jongerius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Medical Psychology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health, Quality of Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marij A","family":"Hillen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Medical Psychology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health, Quality of Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen M A","family":"Smets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Medical Psychology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health, Quality of Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathijs J","family":"Mol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Medical Psychology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eefje S","family":"Kooij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Medical Psychology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria A","family":"de Nood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Medical Psychology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3241-0760","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Edwin S","family":"Dalmaijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Fliers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes A","family":"Romijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel S","family":"Quintana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oslo, Department of Psychology, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Rare Disorders and Disabilities, Oslo University Hospital, NevSom, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"University of Oslo, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT) and KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine","first-page":"1749","article-title":"The role of patient-physician trust in moderating medication nonadherence due to cost pressures","volume":"165","author":"Piette","year":"2005","unstructured":"Piette JDHeisler MKrein S & Kerr EA. 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