{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:13:25Z","timestamp":1787022805717,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675036800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ec.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Information on clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection in patients with adrenal disorders is scarce.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A collaboration between the European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) Rare Disease Committee and European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions via the European Registries for Rare Endocrine Conditions allowed the collection of data on 64 cases (57 adrenal insufficiency (AI), 7 Cushing\u2019s syndrome) that had been reported by 12 centres in 8 European countries between January 2020 and December 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of all 64 patients, 23 were males and 41 females (13 of those children) with a median age of 37 and 51 years. In 45\/57 (95%) AI cases, COVID-19 infection was confirmed by testing. Primary insufficiency was present in 45\/57 patients; 19 were affected by Addison\u2019s disease, 19 by congenital adrenal hyperplasia and 7 by primary AI (PAI) due to other causes. The most relevant comorbidities were hypertension (12%), obesity (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200914%) and diabetes mellitus (9%). An increase by a median of 2.0 (IQR 1.4) times the daily replacement dose was reported in 42 (74%) patients. Two patients were administered i.m. injection of 100 mg hydrocortisone, and 11\/64 were admitted to the hospital. Two patients had to be transferred to the intensive care unit, one with a fatal outcome. Four patients reported persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection, all others complete remission.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This European multicentre questionnaire is the first to collect data on the outcome of COVID-19 infection in patients with adrenal gland disorders. It suggests good clinical outcomes in case of duly dose adjustments and emphasizes the importance of patient education on sick day rules.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/ec-22-0416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T10:40:14Z","timestamp":1675075214000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Outcome of COVID-19 infections in patients with adrenal insufficiency and excess"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hanna F","family":"Nowotny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik IV, Department of Endocrinology, Klinikum der Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jillian","family":"Bryce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office for Rare Conditions, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salma R","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office for Rare Conditions, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Giordano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Baronio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Unit, Department Hospital of Woman and Child, Endo-ERN Centre IT11, IRCSS AOU S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Chifu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Tschaidse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik IV, Department of Endocrinology, Klinikum der Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9552-4899","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martine","family":"Cools","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica LT","family":"van den Akker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Falhammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha M","family":"Appelman-Dijkstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2068-9581","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luca","family":"Persani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3163-2361","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guglielmo","family":"Beccuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian L","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1014-9154","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Simona","family":"Grozinsky-Glasberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit, ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Medical Organisation and Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto M","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eystein S","family":"Husebye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and KG Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Hahner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0689-5549","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S","family":"Faisal Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office for Rare Conditions, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7469-6069","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicole","family":"Reisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik IV, Department of Endocrinology, Klinikum der Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"565","article-title":"Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding","volume":"395","author":"Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu RZhao XLi JNiu PYang BWu HWang WSong HHuang BZhu NGenomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. 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