{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T14:16:45Z","timestamp":1784557005476,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ec.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore pituitary\u2013gonadal hormone concentrations and assess their association with inflammation, severe respiratory failure, and mortality in hospitalized men and women with COVID-19, and compare these to hormone concentrations in hospitalized patients with bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and influenza virus CAP and to concentrations in a reference group of healthy individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum concentrations of testosterone, estrone sulfate, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured within 4 days of admission. Associations were assessed by logistic regression analysis in patients with COVID-19, and results were reported as odds ratio with 95% CI per two-fold reduction after adjustment for age, comorbidities, days to sample collection, and IL-6 concentrations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 278 patients with COVID-19, 21 with influenza virus CAP, and 76 with bacterial CAP were included. Testosterone concentrations were suppressed in men hospitalized with COVID-19, bacterial and influenza virus CAP, and moderately suppressed in women. Reductions in testosterone (OR: 3.43 (1.14\u201310.30),\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.028) and LH (OR: 2.51 (1.28\u20134.92),\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008) were associated with higher odds of mehanical ventilation (MV) in men with COVID-19. In women with COVID-19, reductions in LH (OR: 3.34 (1.02\u201310-90),\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.046) and FSH (OR: 2.52 (1.01\u20136.27),\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.047) were associated with higher odds of MV.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low testosterone and LH concentrations were predictive of severe respiratory failure in men with COVID-19, whereas low concentrations of LH and FSH were predictive of severe respiratory failure in women with COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  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Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trine","family":"Holm Johannsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Erik Skakkeb\u00e6k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanne","family":"Frederiksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla Koch","family":"Ryrs\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital 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