{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T14:16:47Z","timestamp":1784557007866,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707782400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ec.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The coexistence of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma (GHPA) and Graves' disease (GD) is rare. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between growth hormone (GH)\/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels and thyroid function in patients with GHPA combined with GD and to explore the underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eleven patients with GHPA combined with GD during 2015-2022 were collected by searching the medical record system of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University. Changes in GH\/IGF-1 levels and thyroid function were compared before and after the application of antithyroid drugs (ATD) and before and after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) or somatostatin analog (SSA) treatment, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After the application of ATD, with the decrease of thyroid hormone levels, GH\/IGF-1 levels also decreased gradually. In patients without ATD application, after surgery or SSA treatment, thyroid hormone levels decreased as GH\/IGF-1 decreased.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hyperthyroidism due to GD promotes the secretion of GH\/IGF-1, and when thyroid hormone levels were decreased by the use of ATD, GH and IGF-1 levels were also decreased, suggesting that thyroid hormones may influence the synthesis and secretion of GH\/IGF-1. The use of ATD to control thyrotoxicosis before TSS is not only beneficial in reducing the risk of anesthesia but may help to promote biochemical control of GHPA. On the other hand, high levels of GH\/IGF-1 in patients with GHPA also exacerbate GD hyperthyroidism, which is ameliorated by a decrease in GH\/IGF-1 levels by TSS or SSA treatment, suggesting that the GH\u2013IGF-1 axis promotes growth, thyroid function, and thyroid hormone metabolism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/ec-23-0439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T09:41:57Z","timestamp":1707817317000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma combined with Graves\u2019 disease: retrospective case series and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Caiyan","family":"Mo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2016-0664","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Liyong","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology","first-page":"251","article-title":"Global epidemiology of acromegaly: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"185","author":"Crisafulli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Crisafulli SLuxi NSultana JFontana ASpagnolo FGiuffrida GFerra\u00f9 FGianfrilli DCozzolino ADe Martino MC, et al.Global epidemiology of acromegaly: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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A possible role of endogenous TRH and an effect of bromocriptine on GH and TSH secretion","volume":"31","author":"Demura","year":"1984","unstructured":"Demura RDemura HOdagiri E & Shizume K. A case of acromegaly associated with Graves' disease. A possible role of endogenous TRH and an effect of bromocriptine on GH and TSH secretion. Endocrinologia Japonica198431801\u2013807. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1507\/endocrj1954.31.801)"},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"Medical Journal of Malaysia","first-page":"232","article-title":"A combined case of macroprolactinoma, growth hormone excess and Graves' disease","volume":"60","author":"Hussein","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hussein ZTress B & Colman PG. A combined case of macroprolactinoma, growth hormone excess and Graves' disease. 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(https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000014862)"},{"key":"bib18","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism","first-page":"108","article-title":"Nature of altered growth hormone secretion in hyperthyroidism","volume":"72","author":"Iranmanesh","year":"1991","unstructured":"Iranmanesh ALizarralde GJohnson ML & Veldhuis JD. Nature of altered growth hormone secretion in hyperthyroidism. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism199172108\u2013115. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem-72-1-108)"},{"key":"bib19","series-title":"Endocrinology","first-page":"24","article-title":"The effect of alterations in the pituitary-thyroid axis on hypothalamic content and in vitro release of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity","volume":"107","author":"Berelowitz","year":"1980","unstructured":"Berelowitz MMaeda KHarris S & Frohman LA. The effect of alterations in the pituitary-thyroid axis on hypothalamic content and in vitro release of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity. 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