{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T04:15:49Z","timestamp":1791605749191,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721347200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ec.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review aims to discuss the psychological aspects of Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy (GO), estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders in GO, examine whether these psychiatric disorders are more prevalent in GO than in Graves\u2019 disease (GD) without eye disease, and evaluate the main contributors for depression and anxiety in GO.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A review of the literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both depression and anxiety are associated with GO. The prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders specifically in GO patients was estimated at 18\u201333% and 26\u201341%, respectively. The reported prevalence in GD patients ranged from 9% to 70% for depression and from 18% to 88% for anxiety disorders. Significantly higher levels of depression and anxiety were found in GD patients compared with patients with non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism. Conflicting results have been reported regarding the association of antithyroid autoantibodies with depression and anxiety disorders. Serum thyroid hormone levels do not correlate with the severity of depression and anxiety. An improvement of psychiatric symptoms is observed in hyperthyroid patients after treatment of thyrotoxicosis. Moreover, depression and anxiety are significantly related to impaired quality of life (QoL) in GO. Exophthalmos and diplopia were not associated with depression nor anxiety, but orbital decompression and strabismus surgery do seem to improve QoL in GO patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of this review suggest that altered thyroid hormone levels and autoimmunity are prognostic factors for depression and anxiety in GO. With regard to the visual and disfiguring aspects of GO as contributing factors for depression and anxiety, no decisive conclusions can be made.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/ec-24-0259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T06:55:36Z","timestamp":1721804136000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Psychological aspects of Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2183-7540","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Waleed K W","family":"Al-Badri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hinke Marijke","family":"Jellema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnaud R G G","family":"Potvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth M A","family":"van Nispen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter H","family":"Bisschop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peerooz","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"New England Journal of Medicine","first-page":"726","article-title":"Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy","volume":"362","author":"Bahn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bahn RS. Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy. New England Journal of Medicine2010362726\u2013738. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra0905750)"},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"Eye and Vision","first-page":"9","article-title":"An overview of thyroid eye disease","volume":"1","author":"McAlinden","year":"2014","unstructured":"McAlinden C. An overview of thyroid eye disease. Eye and Vision201419. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40662-014-0009-8)"},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"New England Journal of Medicine","first-page":"994","article-title":"Clinical practice. Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy","volume":"360","author":"Bartalena","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bartalena L & Tanda ML. Clinical practice. Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy. New England Journal of Medicine2009360994\u20131001. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMcp0806317)"},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"Thyroid","first-page":"885","article-title":"Quality of life in patients with Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy is markedly decreased: measurement by the medical outcomes study instrument","volume":"7","author":"Gerding","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gerding MNTerwee CBDekker FWKoornneef LPrummel MF & Wiersinga WM. Quality of life in patients with Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy is markedly decreased: measurement by the medical outcomes study instrument. Thyroid19977885\u2013889. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/thy.1997.7.885)"},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"Thyroid","first-page":"237","article-title":"Psychosocial factors in subjects with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy","volume":"12","author":"Kahaly","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kahaly GJHardt JPetrak F & Egle UT. Psychosocial factors in subjects with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Thyroid200212237\u2013239. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/105072502753600205)"},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","first-page":"773","article-title":"Development of a disease specific quality of life questionnaire for patients with Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy: the GO-QOL","volume":"82","author":"Terwee","year":"1998","unstructured":"Terwee CBGerding MNDekker FWPrummel MF & Wiersinga WM. Development of a disease specific quality of life questionnaire for patients with Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy: the GO-QOL. British Journal of Ophthalmology199882773\u2013779. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.82.7.773)"},{"key":"bib7","series-title":"Eye","first-page":"544","article-title":"Assessing Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy-specific quality of life in Korean patients","volume":"26","author":"Choi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Choi YJLim HTLee SJLee SY & Yoon JS. Assessing Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy-specific quality of life in Korean patients. Eye201226544\u2013551. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.2011.359)"},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"American Journal of Ophthalmology","first-page":"483","article-title":"Quality of life in a German graves orbitopathy population","volume":"152","author":"Ponto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ponto KAHommel GPitz SElflein HPfeiffer N & Kahaly GJ. Quality of life in a German graves orbitopathy population. American Journal of Ophthalmology2011152483\u2013490.e1. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.02.018)"},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology","first-page":"875","article-title":"Test-retest reliability of the GO-QOL: a disease-specific quality of life questionnaire for patients with Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy","volume":"52","author":"Terwee","year":"1999","unstructured":"Terwee CBGerding MNDekker FWPrummel MFvan der Pol JP & Wiersinga WM. Test-retest reliability of the GO-QOL: a disease-specific quality of life questionnaire for patients with Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology199952875\u2013884. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0895-4356(9900069-4)"},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Depression and Anxiety","first-page":"98","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis functioning in anxiety disorders. A systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Fischer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fischer S & Ehlert U. Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis functioning in anxiety disorders. A systematic review. Depression and Anxiety20183598\u2013110. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.22692)"},{"key":"bib11","series-title":"Neuropsychobiology","first-page":"222","article-title":"Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in thyroid diseased patients","volume":"38","author":"Placidi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Placidi GPBoldrini MPatronelli AFiore EChiovato LPerugi G & Marazziti D. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in thyroid diseased patients. Neuropsychobiology199838222\u2013225. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000026545)"},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","first-page":"259","article-title":"Effects of Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy on quality of life","volume":"27","author":"Wiersinga","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wiersinga WMPrummel MF & Terwee CB. Effects of Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy on quality of life. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation200427259\u2013264. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03345275)"},{"key":"bib13","series-title":"Korean Journal of Ophthalmology","first-page":"65","article-title":"Assessment of quality of life and depression in Korean patients with Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee HRoh HSYoon JS & Lee SY. Assessment of quality of life and depression in Korean patients with Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy. Korean Journal of Ophthalmology20102465\u201372. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3341\/kjo.2010.24.2.65)"},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"Orbit","first-page":"121","article-title":"Evaluation of quality of life in patients with Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy, before and after orbital decompression","volume":"35","author":"Iacob\u00e6us","year":"2016","unstructured":"Iacob\u00e6us L & Sahlin S. Evaluation of quality of life in patients with Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy, before and after orbital decompression. Orbit201635121\u2013125. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01676830.2016.1176049)"},{"key":"bib15","series-title":"Journal of Ophthalmology","first-page":"7602419","article-title":"Evaluation of the Graves\u2019 orbitopathy-specific Quality of Life Questionnaire in the mainland Chinese population","volume":"2019","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zeng PFan SXLi ZJPeng YYHu YXXu MT & Wang M. Evaluation of the Graves\u2019 orbitopathy-specific Quality of Life Questionnaire in the mainland Chinese population. Journal of Ophthalmology201920197602419. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/7602419)"},{"key":"bib16","series-title":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","first-page":"1617","article-title":"Assessing the quality of life in Indian Graves\u2019 orbitopathy patients and validation of Hindi version of GO-QOL questionnaire","volume":"68","author":"Delampady","year":"2020","unstructured":"Delampady KReddy SVB & Yadav SB. Assessing the quality of life in Indian Graves\u2019 orbitopathy patients and validation of Hindi version of GO-QOL questionnaire. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology2020681617\u20131621. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2183_19)"},{"key":"bib17","series-title":"Thyroid","first-page":"177","article-title":"The effect of ophthalmic surgery for Graves\u2019 orbitopathy on quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Woo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Woo TLi CGanesananthan SRajendram RUddin JLee RWJDayan C & Taylor P. The effect of ophthalmic surgery for Graves\u2019 orbitopathy on quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thyroid202232177\u2013187. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/thy.2021.0411)"},{"key":"bib18","series-title":"Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery","first-page":"867","article-title":"Effectiveness of orbital decompression for endocrine orbitopathy and impact on quality of life: a retrospective study","volume":"49","author":"Luisa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luisa VRiccardo TStefano P & Manlio G. Effectiveness of orbital decompression for endocrine orbitopathy and impact on quality of life: a retrospective study. Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery202149867\u2013874. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcms.2021.03.001)"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"bib19","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism","first-page":"S27","article-title":"Measuring health-related quality of life in thyroid eye disease","volume":"107","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sharma AStan MN & Rootman DB. Measuring health-related quality of life in thyroid eye disease. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism2022107(Supplement 1) S27\u2013S35. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgac230)"},{"key":"bib20","series-title":"Graefe\u2019s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","first-page":"2009","article-title":"Quality of life of patients with thyroid eye disease: 3-year follow-up in a multidisciplinary clinic in Israel","volume":"259","author":"Zloto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zloto OSagiv OPriel ACukierman-Yaffe TTirosh AAgmon-Levin NMadgar SSerlin T & Simon GB. Quality of life of patients with thyroid eye disease: 3-year follow-up in a multidisciplinary clinic in Israel. Graefe\u2019s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology20212592009\u20132015. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-021-05103-5)"},{"key":"bib21","series-title":"Eye","first-page":"951","article-title":"Which factors are associated with quality of life in patients with Graves\u2019 orbitopathy presenting for orbital decompression surgery?","volume":"29","author":"Wickwar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wickwar SMcBain HBEzra DGHirani SPRose GE & Newman SP. Which factors are associated with quality of life in patients with Graves\u2019 orbitopathy presenting for orbital decompression surgery?Eye201529951\u2013957. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.2015.76)"},{"key":"bib22","series-title":"Autoimmunity Reviews","first-page":"639","article-title":"Quality of life and neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with Graves\u2019 orbitopathy: current concepts","volume":"17","author":"Bruscolini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bruscolini ASacchetti MLa Cava MNebbioso MIannitelli AQuartini ALambiase ARalli Mde Virgilio A & Greco A. Quality of life and neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with Graves\u2019 orbitopathy: current concepts. Autoimmunity Reviews201817639\u2013643. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.12.012)"},{"key":"bib23","first-page":"pp 112","article-title":"Collections from the unpublished medical writings of the late Caleb","volume":"vol 2","author":"Parry","year":"1825","unstructured":"Parry CH. Collections from the unpublished medical writings of the late Caleb Hillier Parry, vol 2, pp 112. London, UK: Underwoods, 1825."},{"key":"bib24","series-title":"London Medical and Surgical Journal","first-page":"516","article-title":"Newly observed affection of the thyroid gland in females","volume":"7","author":"Graves","year":"1835","unstructured":"Graves RJ. Newly observed affection of the thyroid gland in females. London Medical and Surgical Journal18357516\u2013517."},{"key":"bib25","series-title":"Journal of Nepal Health Research Council","first-page":"373","article-title":"Anxiety and depression among patients with thyroid function disorders","volume":"18","author":"Gorkhali","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gorkhali BSharma SAmatya MAcharya D & Sharma M. Anxiety and depression among patients with thyroid function disorders. Journal of Nepal Health Research Council202018373\u2013378. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33314\/jnhrc.v18i3.2499)"},{"key":"bib26","series-title":"General Hospital Psychiatry","first-page":"23","article-title":"The relationship of anxiety and depression to symptoms of hyperthyroidism using operational criteria","volume":"8","author":"Kathol","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kathol RG & Delahunt JW. The relationship of anxiety and depression to symptoms of hyperthyroidism using operational criteria. General Hospital Psychiatry1986823\u201328. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0163-8343(8690060-5)"},{"key":"bib27","series-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry","first-page":"401","article-title":"Hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis: a psychoneuroendocrine perspective","volume":"19","author":"Loosen","year":"1986","unstructured":"Loosen PT. Hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis: a psychoneuroendocrine perspective. Pharmacopsychiatry198619401\u2013415. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2007-1017278)"},{"key":"bib28","series-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders","first-page":"143","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid-axis function in treatment resistant depression","volume":"43","author":"Vandoolaeghe","year":"1997","unstructured":"Vandoolaeghe EMaes MVandevyvere J & Neels H. Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid-axis function in treatment resistant depression. Journal of Affective Disorders199743143\u2013150. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0165-0327(9601426-7)"},{"key":"bib29","series-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders","first-page":"85","article-title":"Mood and thyroid immunity assessed by ultrasonographic imaging in a primary health care","volume":"97","author":"Bunevicius","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bunevicius RPeceliuniene JMickuviene NBunevicius APop VJ & Girdler SS. Mood and thyroid immunity assessed by ultrasonographic imaging in a primary health care. Journal of Affective Disorders20079785\u201390. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2006.05.029)"},{"key":"bib30","series-title":"QJM","first-page":"727","article-title":"Increased depression, diabetes and diabetic complications in Graves\u2019 disease patients in Asia","volume":"107","author":"Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen HHYeh SYLin CLChang SN & Kao CH. Increased depression, diabetes and diabetic complications in Graves\u2019 disease patients in Asia. QJM2014107727\u2013733. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/qjmed\/hcu069)"},{"key":"bib31","series-title":"Neuroscience Letters","first-page":"1","article-title":"Impaired decision making under risky conditions in the acute phase of Graves\u2019 thyroitoxicosis","volume":"661","author":"Dai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dai FYuan LFang JZhang Q & Wang K. Impaired decision making under risky conditions in the acute phase of Graves\u2019 thyroitoxicosis. Neuroscience Letters20176611\u20134. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.08.058)"},{"key":"bib32","series-title":"General Hospital Psychiatry","first-page":"49","article-title":"A psychiatric and neuropsychological study of patients with untreated Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"10","author":"Trzepacz","year":"1988","unstructured":"Trzepacz PTMcCue MKlein ILevey GS & Greenhouse J. A psychiatric and neuropsychological study of patients with untreated Graves\u2019 disease. General Hospital Psychiatry19881049\u201355. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0163-8343(8890084-9)"},{"key":"bib33","series-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","first-page":"36","article-title":"Affective symptoms and cognitive functions in the acute phase of Graves\u2019 thyrotoxicosis","volume":"32","author":"Vogel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vogel AElberling TVH\u00f8rding MDock JRasmussen AKFeldt-Rasmussen UPerrild H & Waldemar G. Affective symptoms and cognitive functions in the acute phase of Graves\u2019 thyrotoxicosis. Psychoneuroendocrinology20073236\u201343. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.09.012)"},{"key":"bib34","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0248937","article-title":"Behavioral assessment of children and adolescents with Graves\u2019 disease: a prospective study","volume":"16","author":"Hamed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hamed SAAttiah FAAbdulhamid SK & Fawzy M. Behavioral assessment of children and adolescents with Graves\u2019 disease: a prospective study. PLoS One202116e0248937. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0248937)"},{"key":"bib35","series-title":"Metabolic Brain Disease","first-page":"481","article-title":"Expression of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors and thyroglobulin in limbic regions in the adult human brain","volume":"33","author":"Naicker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Naicker M & Naidoo S. Expression of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors and thyroglobulin in limbic regions in the adult human brain. Metabolic Brain Disease201833481\u2013489. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11011-017-0076-3)"},{"key":"bib36","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism","first-page":"4786","article-title":"Positron emission tomography reveals correlations between brain metabolism and mood changes in hyperthyroidism","volume":"91","author":"Schreckenberger","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schreckenberger MFEgle UTDrecker SBuchholz HGWeber MMBartenstein P & Kahaly GJ. Positron emission tomography reveals correlations between brain metabolism and mood changes in hyperthyroidism. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism2006914786\u20134791. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2006-0573)"},{"key":"bib37","series-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","first-page":"799916","article-title":"Altered static and dynamic interhemispheric resting-state functional connectivity in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen WHu HWu QChen LZhou JChen H-HXu X-Q & Wu F-Y. Altered static and dynamic interhemispheric resting-state functional connectivity in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Frontiers in Neuroscience202115799916. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2021.799916)"},{"key":"bib38","series-title":"Journal of Integrative Neuroscience","first-page":"375","article-title":"Altered spontaneous brain activity patterns in dysthyroid optic neuropathy: a resting-state fMRI study","volume":"20","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jiang YPYang YCTang LYGe QMShi WQSu TShu HYPan YCLiang RBLi QY, et al.Altered spontaneous brain activity patterns in dysthyroid optic neuropathy: a resting-state fMRI study. Journal of Integrative Neuroscience202120375\u2013383. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31083\/j.jin2002037)"},{"key":"bib39","series-title":"Brain Research","first-page":"147989","article-title":"Morphological brain changes between active and inactive phases of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a voxel-based morphometry study","volume":"1790","author":"Luo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luo LWen HGao LLi RWang SWang Z & Li D. Morphological brain changes between active and inactive phases of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a voxel-based morphometry study. Brain Research20221790147989. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.147989)"},{"key":"bib40","series-title":"BMC Genomics","first-page":"630","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of key genes and pathways for biological and clinical implications in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang YShao YZhang HWang JZhang PZhang W & Chen H. Comprehensive analysis of key genes and pathways for biological and clinical implications in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. BMC Genomics202223630. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12864-022-08854-5)"},{"key":"bib41","series-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science","first-page":"5","article-title":"Disrupted topological organization of the brain structural network in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy","volume":"62","author":"Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu QHu HChen WChen H-HChen LZhou JLiu HWu F-Y & Xu X-Q. Disrupted topological organization of the brain structural network in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science2021625. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.62.4.5)"},{"key":"bib42","series-title":"European Thyroid Journal","first-page":"173","article-title":"Anxiety and depression are more prevalent in patients with Graves\u2019 disease than in patients with nodular goitre","volume":"3","author":"Bov\u00e9","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bov\u00e9 KBWatt TVogel AHeged\u00fcs LBjoerner JBGroenvold MBonnema SJRasmussen \u00c5K & Feldt-Rasmussen U. Anxiety and depression are more prevalent in patients with Graves\u2019 disease than in patients with nodular goitre. European Thyroid Journal20143173\u2013178. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000365211)"},{"key":"bib43","series-title":"Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice","first-page":"276","article-title":"An assessment of psychiatric disturbances in Graves disease in a medical college in eastern India","volume":"15","author":"Chattopadhyay","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chattopadhyay CChakrabarti N & Ghosh S. An assessment of psychiatric disturbances in Graves disease in a medical college in eastern India. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice201215276\u2013279. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1119-3077.100620)"},{"key":"bib44","series-title":"BioPsychoSocial Medicine","first-page":"9","article-title":"The thyroid function of Graves\u2019 disease patients is aggravated by depressive personality during antithyroid drug treatment","volume":"5","author":"Fukao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fukao ATakamatsu JKubota SMiyauchi A & Hanafusa T. The thyroid function of Graves\u2019 disease patients is aggravated by depressive personality during antithyroid drug treatment. BioPsychoSocial Medicine201159. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1751-0759-5-9)"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"bib45","series-title":"European Thyroid Journal","first-page":"19","article-title":"Mental health is negatively impacted by hyperthyroidism and differs between Graves\u2019 disease and toxic nodular goiter. A nationwide registerbased study","volume":"8","author":"Brix","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brix TBrandt FFolkestad L & Hegedus L. Mental health is negatively impacted by hyperthyroidism and differs between Graves\u2019 disease and toxic nodular goiter. A nationwide registerbased study. European Thyroid Journal20198(Supplement 1) 19\u201320. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000501012)"},{"key":"bib46","series-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology","first-page":"43","article-title":"Sexual function and depressive symptoms in young women with overt hyperthyroidism","volume":"234","author":"Krysiak","year":"2019","unstructured":"Krysiak RKowalcze K & Okopien B. Sexual function and depressive symptoms in young women with overt hyperthyroidism. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology201923443\u201348. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.12.035)"},{"key":"bib47","series-title":"American Journal of Medicine","first-page":"558","article-title":"Graves\u2019 disease: an analysis of thyroid hormone levels and hyperthyroid signs and symptoms","volume":"87","author":"Trzepacz","year":"1989","unstructured":"Trzepacz PTKlein IRoberts MGreenhouse J & Levey GS. Graves\u2019 disease: an analysis of thyroid hormone levels and hyperthyroid signs and symptoms. American Journal of Medicine198987558\u2013561. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0002-9343(8980614-x)"},{"key":"bib48","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism","first-page":"3389","article-title":"Psychological well-being correlates with free thyroxine but not free 3,5,3\u2019-triiodothyronine levels in patients on thyroid hormone replacement","volume":"91","author":"Saravanan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Saravanan PVisser TJ & Dayan CM. Psychological well-being correlates with free thyroxine but not free 3,5,3\u2019-triiodothyronine levels in patients on thyroid hormone replacement. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism2006913389\u20133393. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2006-0414)"},{"key":"bib49","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0154846","article-title":"Subclinical hypothyroidism after 131I-treatment of Graves\u2019 disease: a risk factor for depression?","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yu JTian AJYuan X & Cheng XX. Subclinical hypothyroidism after 131I-treatment of Graves\u2019 disease: a risk factor for depression?PLoS One201611e0154846. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0154846)"},{"key":"bib50","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism","first-page":"1040","article-title":"A longitudinal study of medial temporal lobe volumes in Graves disease","volume":"107","author":"Holmberg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Holmberg MMalmgren HHeckemann RAJohansson BKlasson NOlsson ESkau SStarck G & Filipsson Nystr\u00f6m H. A longitudinal study of medial temporal lobe volumes in Graves disease. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism20221071040\u20131052. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgab808)"},{"key":"bib51","series-title":"Clinical Endocrinology","first-page":"215","article-title":"The prevalence of affective disorder and in particular of a rapid cycling of bipolar disorder in patients with abnormal thyroid function tests","volume":"45","author":"Oomen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Oomen HASchipperijn AJ & Drexhage HA. The prevalence of affective disorder and in particular of a rapid cycling of bipolar disorder in patients with abnormal thyroid function tests. Clinical Endocrinology199645215\u2013223. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1996.d01-1558.x)"},{"key":"bib52","series-title":"Neuropsychobiology","first-page":"89","article-title":"Cerebral function in hyperthyroid patients. Psychopathology, psychometric variables, central arousal and time perception before and after thyreostatic therapy","volume":"11","author":"Zeitlhofer","year":"1984","unstructured":"Zeitlhofer JSaletu BStary J & Ahmadi R. Cerebral function in hyperthyroid patients. Psychopathology, psychometric variables, central arousal and time perception before and after thyreostatic therapy. Neuropsychobiology19841189\u201393. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000118059)"},{"key":"bib53","series-title":"Psychosomatics","first-page":"501","article-title":"Depression and anxiety associated with hyperthyroidism: response to antithyroid therapy","volume":"27","author":"Kathol","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kathol RGTurner R & Delahunt J. Depression and anxiety associated with hyperthyroidism: response to antithyroid therapy. Psychosomatics198627501\u2013505. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0033-3182(8672656-X)"},{"key":"bib54","series-title":"Klinische Wochenschrift","first-page":"942","article-title":"Sequential psychological testing during the course of autoimmune hyperthyroidism","volume":"68","author":"Paschke","year":"1990","unstructured":"Paschke RHarsch ISchlote BVardarli ISchaaf LKaumeier STeuber J & Usadel KH. Sequential psychological testing during the course of autoimmune hyperthyroidism. Klinische Wochenschrift199068942\u2013950. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01646652)"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"bib55","series-title":"Acta Medica Austriaca","first-page":"62","article-title":"The possible etiological role of psychological disturbances in Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"19","author":"Harsch","year":"1992","unstructured":"Harsch IPaschke R & Usadel KH. The possible etiological role of psychological disturbances in Graves\u2019 disease. Acta Medica Austriaca199219(Supplement 1) 62\u201365."},{"key":"bib56","series-title":"European Thyroid Journal","first-page":"93","article-title":"A prospective investigation of Graves\u2019 disease and selenium: thyroid hormones, auto-antibodies and self-rated symptoms","volume":"4","author":"Calissendorff","year":"2015","unstructured":"Calissendorff JMikulski ELarsen EH & M\u00f6ller M. A prospective investigation of Graves\u2019 disease and selenium: thyroid hormones, auto-antibodies and self-rated symptoms. European Thyroid Journal2015493\u201398. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000381768)"},{"key":"bib57","series-title":"Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes","first-page":"524","article-title":"Mental health status and factors that influence the course of Graves\u2019 disease and antithyroid treatments","volume":"120","author":"Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen DYSchneider PFZhang XSHe ZMJing J & Chen TH. Mental health status and factors that influence the course of Graves\u2019 disease and antithyroid treatments. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes2012120524\u2013528. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0032-1323807)"},{"key":"bib58","series-title":"Current Psychiatry Reports","first-page":"384","article-title":"Cognitive and neuropsychiatric aspects of subclinical hypothyroidism: significance in the elderly","volume":"5","author":"Davis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Davis JDStern RA & Flashman LA. Cognitive and neuropsychiatric aspects of subclinical hypothyroidism: significance in the elderly. Current Psychiatry Reports20035384\u2013390. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-003-0073-6)"},{"key":"bib59","series-title":"Clinical Endocrinology","first-page":"550","article-title":"The relationship of psychological factors to the prognosis of hyperthyroidism in antithyroid drug-treated patients with Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"58","author":"Fukao","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fukao ATakamatsu JMurakami YSakane SMiyauchi AKuma KHayashi S & Hanafusa T. The relationship of psychological factors to the prognosis of hyperthyroidism in antithyroid drug-treated patients with Graves\u2019 disease. Clinical Endocrinology200358550\u2013555. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2003.01625.x)"},{"key":"bib60","series-title":"Klinische Wochenschrift","first-page":"552","article-title":"Psychopathological and neuropsychological symptoms in patients with subclinical and remitted hyperthyroidism","volume":"68","author":"Bommer","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bommer MEversmann TPickardt RLeonhardt A & Naber D. Psychopathological and neuropsychological symptoms in patients with subclinical and remitted hyperthyroidism. Klinische Wochenschrift199068552\u2013558. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01667147)"},{"key":"bib61","series-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","first-page":"201","article-title":"Long-term residual complaints and psychosocial sequelae after remission of hyperthyroidism","volume":"25","author":"Fahrenfort","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fahrenfort JJWilterdink AM & van der Veen EA. Long-term residual complaints and psychosocial sequelae after remission of hyperthyroidism. Psychoneuroendocrinology200025201\u2013211. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0306-4530(9900050-5)"},{"key":"bib62","series-title":"Clinical Endocrinology","first-page":"303","article-title":"Life events, daily stresses and coping in patients with Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"42","author":"Kung","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kung AW. Life events, daily stresses and coping in patients with Graves\u2019 disease. Clinical Endocrinology199542303\u2013308. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1995.tb01879.x)"},{"key":"bib63","series-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology","first-page":"699","article-title":"Stressful life events in the pathogenesis of Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"134","author":"Radosavljevi\u0107","year":"1996","unstructured":"Radosavljevi\u0107 VRJankovi\u0107 SM & Marinkovi\u0107 JM. Stressful life events in the pathogenesis of Graves\u2019 disease. European Journal of Endocrinology1996134699\u2013701. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje.0.1340699)"},{"key":"bib64","series-title":"Acta Endocrinologica","first-page":"293","article-title":"Life events in the pathogenesis of Graves\u2019 disease. A controlled study","volume":"128","author":"Sonino","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sonino NGirelli MEBoscaro MFallo FBusnardo B & Fava GA. Life events in the pathogenesis of Graves\u2019 disease. A controlled study. Acta Endocrinologica1993128293\u2013296. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/acta.0.1280293)"},{"key":"bib65","series-title":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","first-page":"307","article-title":"Effect of stressful life events on the initiation of Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"16","author":"Topcu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Topcu CBCelik O & Tasan E. Effect of stressful life events on the initiation of Graves\u2019 disease. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice201216307\u2013311. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/13651501.2011.631016)"},{"key":"bib66","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1475","article-title":"Stressful life events and Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"338","author":"Winsa","year":"1991","unstructured":"Winsa BAdami HOBergstr\u00f6m RGamstedt ADahlberg PAAdamson UJansson R & Karlsson A. Stressful life events and Graves\u2019 disease. Lancet19913381475\u20131479. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0140-6736(9192298-g)"},{"key":"bib67","series-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine","first-page":"182","article-title":"Stressful life events and smoking were associated with Graves\u2019 disease in women, but not in men","volume":"60","author":"Yoshiuchi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yoshiuchi KKumano HNomura SYoshimura HIto KKanaji YOhashi YKuboki T & Suematsu H. Stressful life events and smoking were associated with Graves\u2019 disease in women, but not in men. Psychosomatic Medicine199860182\u2013185. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006842-199803000-00013)"},{"key":"bib68","series-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology","first-page":"680","article-title":"Stressful life events and Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"134","author":"Chiovato","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chiovato L & Pinchera A. Stressful life events and Graves\u2019 disease. European Journal of Endocrinology1996134680\u2013682. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje.0.1340680)"},{"key":"bib69","series-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","first-page":"1191","article-title":"Involvement of stress in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease: a prospective study","volume":"37","author":"Effraimidis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Effraimidis GTijssen JGPBrosschot JF & Wiersinga WM. Involvement of stress in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease: a prospective study. Psychoneuroendocrinology2012371191\u20131198. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2011.12.009)"},{"key":"bib70","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"789","article-title":"Diseases of the thyroid gland in occupied Belgium","volume":"1","author":"Bastenie","year":"1947","unstructured":"Bastenie PA. Diseases of the thyroid gland in occupied Belgium. Lancet19471789\u2013791. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(4791542-0)"},{"key":"bib71","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"577","article-title":"Environmental stress and thyrotoxicosis. Absence of association","volume":"2","author":"Hadden","year":"1974","unstructured":"Hadden DR & McDevitt DG. Environmental stress and thyrotoxicosis. Absence of association. Lancet19742577\u2013578. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(7491892-3)"},{"key":"bib72","series-title":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","first-page":"75","article-title":"Physician-perceived impact of thyroid eye disease on patient quality of life in the United States","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang YSharma APadnick-Silver LFrancis-Sedlak MHolt RJFoley CMassry G & Douglas RS. Physician-perceived impact of thyroid eye disease on patient quality of life in the United States. Ophthalmology and Therapy20211075\u201387. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40123-020-00318-x)"},{"key":"bib73","series-title":"Clinical Endocrinology","first-page":"395","article-title":"Psychosocial morbidity of Graves\u2019 orbitopathy","volume":"63","author":"Kahaly","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kahaly GJPetrak FHardt JPitz S & Egle UT. Psychosocial morbidity of Graves\u2019 orbitopathy. Clinical Endocrinology200563395\u2013402. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2005.02352.x)"},{"key":"bib74","series-title":"Ophthalmology and Therapy","first-page":"975","article-title":"Quality of life in patients with chronic thyroid eye disease in the United States","volume":"10","author":"Cockerham","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cockerham KPPadnick-Silver LStuertz NFrancis-Sedlak M & Holt RJ. Quality of life in patients with chronic thyroid eye disease in the United States. Ophthalmology and Therapy202110975\u2013987. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40123-021-00385-8)"},{"key":"bib75","series-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry","first-page":"372","article-title":"Prevalence, persistence, and sociodemographic correlates of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement","volume":"69","author":"Kessler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kessler RCAvenevoli SCostello EJGeorgiades KGreen JGGruber MJHe JPKoretz DMcLaughlin KAPetukhova M, et al.Prevalence, persistence, and sociodemographic correlates of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement. Archives of General Psychiatry201269372\u2013380. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.160)"},{"key":"bib76","series-title":"General Hospital Psychiatry","first-page":"133","article-title":"Mood and anxiety disorders in women with treated hyperthyroidism and ophthalmopathy caused by Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"27","author":"Bunevicius","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bunevicius RVelickiene D & Prange AJJr. Mood and anxiety disorders in women with treated hyperthyroidism and ophthalmopathy caused by Graves\u2019 disease. General Hospital Psychiatry200527133\u2013139. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2004.10.002)"},{"key":"bib77","series-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","first-page":"75","article-title":"Assessing quality of life in Australian patients with Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy","volume":"88","author":"Park","year":"2004","unstructured":"Park JJSullivan TJMortimer RHWagenaar M & Perry-Keene DA. Assessing quality of life in Australian patients with Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy. British Journal of Ophthalmology20048875\u201378. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.88.1.75)"},{"key":"bib78","series-title":"British Journal of Health Psychology","first-page":"285","article-title":"The DAS24: a short form of the Derriford Appearance Scale DAS59 to measure individual responses to living with problems of appearance","volume":"10","author":"Carr","year":"2005","unstructured":"Carr TMoss T & Harris D. The DAS24: a short form of the Derriford Appearance Scale DAS59 to measure individual responses to living with problems of appearance. British Journal of Health Psychology200510285\u2013298. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1348\/135910705X27613)"},{"key":"bib79","series-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology","first-page":"273","article-title":"Consensus statement of the European Group on Graves\u2019 orbitopathy (EUGOGO) on management of GO","volume":"158","author":"Bartalena","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bartalena LBaldeschi LDickinson AEckstein AKendall-Taylor PMarcocci CMourits MPerros PBoboridis KBoschi A, et al.Consensus statement of the European Group on Graves\u2019 orbitopathy (EUGOGO) on management of GO. European Journal of Endocrinology2008158273\u2013285. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EJE-07-0666)"},{"key":"bib80","series-title":"Archives of Ophthalmology","first-page":"491","article-title":"Psychological disturbance in graves ophthalmopathy","volume":"123","author":"Farid","year":"2005","unstructured":"Farid MRoch-Levecq ACLevi LBrody BLGranet DB & Kikkawa DO. Psychological disturbance in graves ophthalmopathy. Archives of Ophthalmology2005123491\u2013496. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archopht.123.4.491)"},{"key":"bib81","series-title":"Endocrine Practice","first-page":"842","article-title":"Inflammatory and noninflammatory thyroid eye disease: comparison of disease signs, symptoms, and quality of life in patients in the United States","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang YPadnick-Silver LFrancis-Sedlak MHolt RJFoley C & Douglas RS. Inflammatory and noninflammatory thyroid eye disease: comparison of disease signs, symptoms, and quality of life in patients in the United States. Endocrine Practice202228842\u2013846. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eprac.2022.06.003)"},{"key":"bib82","series-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology","first-page":"785","article-title":"Quality of life improves after strabismus surgery in patients with Graves\u2019 orbitopathy","volume":"170","author":"Jellema","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jellema HMMerckel-Timmer EKloos RSaeed P & Mourits MP. Quality of life improves after strabismus surgery in patients with Graves\u2019 orbitopathy. European Journal of Endocrinology2014170785\u2013789. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EJE-13-0973)"},{"key":"bib83","series-title":"Clinical Endocrinology","first-page":"391","article-title":"Interpretation and validity of changes in scores on the Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy quality of life questionnaire (GO-QOL) after different treatments","volume":"54","author":"Terwee","year":"2001","unstructured":"Terwee CBDekker FWMourits MPGerding MNBaldeschi LKalmann RPrummel MF & Wiersinga WM. Interpretation and validity of changes in scores on the Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy quality of life questionnaire (GO-QOL) after different treatments. Clinical Endocrinology200154391\u2013398. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2001.01241.x)"},{"key":"bib84","series-title":"Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology","first-page":"42","article-title":"Change in quality of life after medical and surgical treatment of graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy","volume":"18","author":"Kashkouli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kashkouli MBHeidari IPakdel FJam SHonarbakhsh Y & Mirarmandehi B. Change in quality of life after medical and surgical treatment of graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy. Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology20111842\u201347. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0974-9233.75884)"},{"key":"bib85","series-title":"Acta Ophthalmologica","first-page":"386","article-title":"Objective and subjective outcomes of strabismus surgery in Graves\u2019 orbitopathy: a prospective multicentre study","volume":"95","author":"Jellema","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jellema HMSaeed PMombaerts IDolman PJGarrity JKazim MDhrami-Gavazi ELyons CNieuwkerk P & Mourits MP. Objective and subjective outcomes of strabismus surgery in Graves\u2019 orbitopathy: a prospective multicentre study. Acta Ophthalmologica201795386\u2013391. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.13367)"},{"key":"bib86","series-title":"Ophthalmology","first-page":"2568","article-title":"The psychosocial and clinical outcomes of orbital decompression surgery for thyroid eye disease and predictors of change in quality of life","volume":"122","author":"Wickwar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wickwar SMcBain HEzra DGHirani SPRose GE & Newman SP. The psychosocial and clinical outcomes of orbital decompression surgery for thyroid eye disease and predictors of change in quality of life. Ophthalmology20151222568\u201376.e1. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.08.030)"},{"key":"bib87","series-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry","first-page":"353","article-title":"Autoimmunity in psychiatry","volume":"200","author":"Davison","year":"2012","unstructured":"Davison K. Autoimmunity in psychiatry. British Journal of Psychiatry2012200353\u2013355. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.104471)"}],"container-title":["Endocrine Connections"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ec.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/ec\/13\/9\/EC-24-0259.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ec.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ec\/13\/9\/EC-24-0259.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ec.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ec\/13\/9\/EC-24-0259.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:47:21Z","timestamp":1784555241000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/ec\/article\/1639"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/ec-24-0259","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-3614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-3614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]}}}