{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:13:35Z","timestamp":1790612015343,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":329,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the efficacy and safety of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone pump therapy in male infants with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seven male infants with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism who were treated in a single center between 2019 and 2022 were included. Each patient was treated by subcutaneous infusion of 5 \u03bcg\/90 min gonadorelin via a pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone pump for 3\u20135 months. Data including age, drug dose, penile length, testicular volume and cryptorchidism were collected. Serum testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone, inhibin B concentration and liver and kidney functions were also measured. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and rank-sum test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Penile length increased from 1.27 \u00b1 0.71 cm before treatment to 2.43 \u00b1 0.90 cm after treatment, and testicular volume increased from 0.08 (0.04, 0.14) mL (left) and 0.08 (0.06, 0.12) mL (right) to 0.20 (0.16, 0.20) mL (left) and 0.22 (0.18, 0.30) mL (right). Inhibin B and anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone increased from 53.86 \u00b1 11.54 pg\/mL and 34.25 \u00b1 12.48 ng\/mL to 218.46 \u00b1 32.34 pg\/mL and 72.84 \u00b1 9.24 ng\/mL after treatment, respectively. At the end of the treatment, the testes of some children descended (6\/13, 46.1%). During follow-up, the testes of two patients re-ascended to the inguinal region. No obvious adverse reactions were found in all patients before and after treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone pump therapy can increase penile length, testicular volume, anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone levels and serum inhibin B levels in infants with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism without adverse effects. However, its long-term efficacy and safety require further follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/ec-24-0655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T08:20:31Z","timestamp":1742286031000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Efficacy and safety of pulsatile GnRH pump therapy in male infants with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Zhengzhou Children\u2019s Hospital, Children\u2019s Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University 1 , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi Xia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Zhengzhou Children\u2019s Hospital, Children\u2019s Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University 1 , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University 2 , ,","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongxia","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Zhengzhou Children\u2019s Hospital, Children\u2019s Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University 1 , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Zhengzhou Children\u2019s Hospital, Children\u2019s Hospital Affiliated 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