{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T02:31:45Z","timestamp":1783477905316,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":309,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82473728"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82473728"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82220108002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82220108002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82273737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273737"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hyperthyroidism is a clinical syndrome caused by the excessive production of thyroid hormones, which can have a broad impact on overall health. We systematically investigated the subsequent multisystem comorbidities associated with hyperthyroidism and the progression of these conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After a 1:4 propensity score matching, a total of 5,832 hyperthyroidism patients and 22,579 controls from the UK Biobank were included in this study. Phenome-wide association study was conducted to explore the associations between hyperthyroidism and a broad range of subsequent diseases, supplemented by landmark analysis to depict the time-varying effects. Disease trajectory analysis was used to explore the sequential pattern of comorbidity progression of hyperthyroidism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with prior diagnosed hyperthyroidism were observed to have an elevated risk of developing 110 subsequent diseases across multiple systems and all-cause mortality and four causes of death, with particularly marked short-term adverse effects. Disease trajectory analysis demonstrated that the three disease clusters most affected by hyperthyroidism were cardiovascular disease cluster, gastrointestinal\u00a0inflammatory disease cluster and diabetes-mediated disease cluster.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hyperthyroidism is associated with an elevated risk of subsequent multisystem diseases and mortality. Disease trajectory analysis has elucidated critical sequential patterns of disease progression, offering valuable insights for the management of comorbidities in patients with hyperthyroidism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/ec-25-0066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T13:27:02Z","timestamp":1744032422000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Increased risk of multisystem comorbidities and disease trajectories following hyperthyroidism: evidence from the 0.5 million UK Biobank population"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Qiuyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University 1 , ,","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doudou","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Nanjing 2 , ,","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinpan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University 3 , ,","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunhao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West China Medical Centre, Sichuan University 4 , ,","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longyao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 5 , ,","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaiming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University 1 , ,","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University 6 , ,","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Ningbo No 2 Hospital 7 , ,","place":["Ningbo, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University 1 , ,","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University 1 , ,","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6375-3622","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University 3 , ,","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8668-4922","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xuqin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University 3 , ,","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1132-1796","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yongyue","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University 1 , ,","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"Centre for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University 8 , ,","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University 9 , ,","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University) 10 , Ministry of Education, ,","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.26581","article-title":"What is hyperthyroidism?","volume":"331","author":"Voelker","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2010.0417","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis: management guidelines of the American Thyroid Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists","volume":"21","author":"Bahn Chair","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(23)00005-0","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism: aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, complications, and prognosis","volume":"11","author":"Wiersinga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.19052","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism: a review","volume":"330","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-024-00986-0","article-title":"Metabolic messengers: thyroid hormones","volume":"6","author":"Sinha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2892","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036859","article-title":"Thyroid and cardiovascular disease: research agenda for enhancing knowledge, prevention, and treatment","volume":"139","author":"Cappola","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-021-01590-9","article-title":"Thyroid and heart, a clinically relevant relationship","volume":"44","author":"Corona","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Investig"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-2874","article-title":"Mental health conditions and hyperthyroidism","volume":"144","author":"Zader","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2023.0162","article-title":"Fracture incidence in graves\u2019 disease: a population-based study","volume":"33","author":"Khamisi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12688","article-title":"Association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and change in bone mineral density in prospective cohorts","volume":"283","author":"Segna","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac328","article-title":"Understanding pathogenesis intersects with effective treatment for thyroid eye disease","volume":"107","author":"Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2019.0672","article-title":"Graves\u2019 disease and toxic nodular goiter, aggravated by duration of hyperthyroidism, are associated with alzheimer\u2019s and vascular dementia: a registry-based long-term follow-up of two large cohorts","volume":"30","author":"Folkestad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.741719","article-title":"Increased incidence of tinnitus following a hyperthyroidism diagnosis: a population-based longitudinal study","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4604","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.3978","article-title":"Thyroid dysfunction and breast cancer risk among women in the UK Biobank cohort","volume":"10","author":"Tran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0989","article-title":"Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism and breast cancer risk: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"174","author":"S\u00f8gaard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2018.4635","article-title":"Assessment of the relationship between genetic determinants of thyroid function and atrial fibrillation: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"4","author":"Ellervik","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib17","article-title":"The genetic association between hyperthyroidism and heart failure: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib18","article-title":"Investigating the causal relationship between thyroid dysfunction diseases and osteoporosis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"14","author":"Qi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.05.071","article-title":"Using phenome-wide association studies to examine the effect of environmental exposures on human health","volume":"130","author":"Braun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-019-01624-z","article-title":"Landmark analysis: a primer","volume":"26","author":"Morgan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nucl Cardiol"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4022","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5022","article-title":"Temporal disease trajectories condensed from population-wide registry data covering 6.2 million patients","volume":"5","author":"Jensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-019-1181-5","article-title":"Disease trajectories and mortality among women diagnosed with breast cancer","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779","article-title":"UK Biobank: an open access resource for identifying the causes of a wide range of complex diseases of middle and old age","volume":"12","author":"Sudlow","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0579-z","article-title":"The UK Biobank resource with deep phenotyping and genomic data","volume":"562","author":"Bycroft","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/14325","article-title":"Mapping ICD-10 and ICD-10-CM codes to phecodes: workflow development and initial evaluation","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"JMIR Med Inform"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6736","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01170-6","article-title":"Disease trajectories and mortality among individuals diagnosed with depression: a community-based cohort study in UK Biobank","volume":"26","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-03080-6","article-title":"Multi-system diseases and death trajectory of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: findings from the UK Biobank","volume":"21","author":"Jia","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000005189","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients with autonomous thyroid nodules treated with radioiodine","volume":"49","author":"Moroto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02152.x","article-title":"Long-term follow-up study of radioiodine treatment of hyperthyroidism","volume":"61","author":"Metso","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib30","volume-title":"Medical Management of Thyroid Disease","author":"Burman","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.007","article-title":"Hashimoto thyroiditis: clinical and diagnostic criteria","volume":"13","author":"Caturegli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(05)70306-6","article-title":"Central hyperthyroidism","volume":"27","author":"McDermott","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib33","first-page":"1025","article-title":"Hyperparathyroidism after treatment with radioactive iodine: not only a coincidence?","volume":"106","author":"Bondeson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znad366","article-title":"Validating the risk of hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy in a population-based cohort: plea for improved follow-up","volume":"111","author":"Anneb\u00e4ck","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2544","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.16535","article-title":"Management of graves disease: a review","volume":"314","author":"Burch","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4047","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11244047","article-title":"Mechanisms and management of thyroid disease and atrial fibrillation: impact of atrial electrical remodeling and cardiac fibrosis","volume":"11","author":"Takawale","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2024.05.021","article-title":"Thyroid function effect on cardiac structure, cardiac function, and disease risk: evidence of causal associations in European ancestry","volume":"21","author":"Ruan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.02.045","article-title":"Thyroid hormones and cardiovascular function and diseases","volume":"71","author":"Razvi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-022-09713-0","article-title":"The bidirectional relationship of thyroid disease and atrial fibrillation: established knowledge and future considerations","volume":"23","author":"Bekiaridou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2019.0543","article-title":"Incidence and mortality of myocardial infarction and stroke in patients with hyperthyroidism: a nationwide cohort study in Korea","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.105","article-title":"Cardiovascular involvement in patients with different causes of hyperthyroidism","volume":"6","author":"Biondi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2020.728","article-title":"The association of overt and subclinical hyperthyroidism with the risk of cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality: meta-analysis and systematic review of cohort studies","volume":"35","author":"Sohn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-44701-9","article-title":"Multi-trait analysis characterizes the genetics of thyroid function and identifies causal associations with clinical implications","volume":"15","author":"Sterenborg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2016.0229","article-title":"2016 American thyroid association guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis","volume":"26","author":"Ross","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2024.1389113","article-title":"Thyroid disorders and gastrointestinal dysmotility: an old association","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2022.0491","article-title":"A comprehensive review of thyroid hormone metabolism in the gut and its clinical implications","volume":"33","author":"Fenneman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4028\/b-wjQRP6","article-title":"Use of bidirectional Mendelian randomization to unveil the association of Helicobacter pylori infection and autoimmune thyroid diseases","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2010.08.006","article-title":"Autoantibodies to parietal cells as predictors of atrophic body gastritis: a five-year prospective study in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases","volume":"10","author":"Tozzoli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac683","article-title":"Graves disease and inflammatory bowel disease: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization","volume":"108","author":"Xian","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.09.016","article-title":"Gastritis and mental disorders","volume":"47","author":"Goodwin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002411","article-title":"Association between anxiety\/depression and gastroesophageal reflux: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"118","author":"Zamani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2021.1251","article-title":"Risk of diabetes in patients with long-standing graves\u2019 disease: a longitudinal study","volume":"36","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612676","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus secondary to endocrine diseases: an update of diagnostic and treatment particularities","volume":"24","author":"Popoviciu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2007.0249","article-title":"Links between thyroid hormone action, oxidative metabolism, and diabetes risk?","volume":"18","author":"Crunkhorn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0299","article-title":"A critical review and meta-analysis of the association between overt hyperthyroidism and mortality","volume":"165","author":"Brandt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2355","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae543","article-title":"A small opening in the storm clouds: overview of the registry-based study on the management of thyroid storm","volume":"109","author":"Duntas","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-013-9537-6","article-title":"COPD and thyroid dysfunctions","volume":"192","author":"Terzano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-22-0155","article-title":"The effect of thyroid dysfunction on breast cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Tran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1530\/ETJ-23-0181","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism and the risk of non-thyroid cancer: a Danish register-based long-term follow-up study","volume":"13","author":"Riis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-1123","article-title":"Opposing effects of thyroid hormones on cancer risk: a population-based study","volume":"184","author":"Krashin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R261","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0678","article-title":"Anniversary review: antithyroid drug therapy: 70 years later","volume":"179","author":"Burch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2016.0456","article-title":"Changes in hepatic TR\u03b2 protein expression, lipogenic gene expression, and long-chain acylcarnitine levels during chronic hyperthyroidism and triiodothyronine withdrawal in a mouse model","volume":"27","author":"Ohba","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27302013000500006","article-title":"Modulation of thyroid hormone receptors, TR\u03b1 and TR\u03b2, by using different doses of triiodothyronine (T3) at different times","volume":"57","author":"Oliveira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib64","first-page":"1038","article-title":"Age and gender predict the outcome of treatment for Graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism","volume":"85","author":"Allahabadia","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.4158\/EP161350.OR","article-title":"Gender influences the clinical presentation and long-term outcome of graves disease","volume":"22","author":"Magri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2022.10.008","article-title":"Thyroid and aging","volume":"52","author":"Mammen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101223","article-title":"Thyroid disorders in elderly: a comprehensive review","volume":"67","author":"Thiruvengadam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dis Mon"},{"key":"2026070710575873800_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/1043-2760(91)90053-P","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism due to Graves\u2019 disease in aged patients","volume":"2","author":"Aizawa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Endocrine Connections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ec.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/ec\/14\/5\/EC-25-0066.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ec.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ec\/14\/5\/EC-25-0066.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/ec\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1530\/EC-25-0066\/9389\/ec-25-0066.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/ec\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1530\/EC-25-0066\/9389\/ec-25-0066.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T15:21:56Z","timestamp":1783437716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/ec\/article\/14\/5\/e250066\/1375\/Increased-risk-of-multisystem-comorbidities-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/ec-25-0066","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-3614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-3614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"article-number":"e250066"}}