{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T02:38:26Z","timestamp":1783478306866,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":132,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding","award":["2025-PUMCH-A-080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-PUMCH-A-080"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to comprehensively characterize the DNA methylation profile in the sperm of patients with Kallmann syndrome (KS), providing new insights into the potential epigenetic mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sperm samples from patients with KS and healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed for DNA methylation patterns. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified, and the associated genes underwent enrichment analysis. Spermatogenesis-related genes were screened, analyzed for functional enrichment, and key genes were identified using the STRING database and CytoHubba. Their correlations with semen parameters were then evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study analyzed six patients with KS and six age-matched HCs, revealing higher DNA methylation in patients with KS. 4,749 DMRs were identified (4,020 hypermethylated, 729 hypomethylated) affecting genes linked to neuronal function, migration, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. DMRs were also observed in key KS-related genes, including CHD7, DCC, IL17RD, NELFA, and SEMA3E. Moreover, 1,938 spermatogenesis-related genes were identified within the gene body, with significant enrichment in chromosome remodeling pathways. Notably, core spermatogenesis genes such as BRCA1, H3FC3, and HSP90AA1 exhibited significant correlations with semen parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study identified DNA methylation changes in patients with KS after gonadotropin or pulsatile GnRH therapy, reflecting downstream epigenetic consequences of congenital gonadotropin deficiency and its treatment. These alterations are associated with persistent spermatogenic abnormalities, providing a foundation for future studies on epigenetic biomarkers and potential interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/ec-25-0224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T14:46:47Z","timestamp":1759330007000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sperm DNA methylation profiling in patients with Kallmann syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Rongrong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College 1 , ,","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaogang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College 2 , ,","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingdi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College 1 , ,","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 3 , ,","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangfeng","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 3 , ,","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College 1 , ,","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College 1 , ,","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongzhe","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College 1 , ,","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueyan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 3 , ,","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2409-041X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ye","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College 1 , ,","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa066494","article-title":"Reversal of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism","volume":"357","author":"Raivio","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvad111","article-title":"Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in a patient with a de novo POGZ mutation","volume":"189","author":"Eskici","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0065","article-title":"Characteristics of a nationwide cohort of patients presenting with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH)","volume":"178","author":"Bonomi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e50","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac727","article-title":"Isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: new insights into relationships between genotype and reproductive phenotype","volume":"108","author":"Giovanelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-023-01074-w","article-title":"Mutation spectrum of Kallmann syndrome: identification of five novel mutations across ANOS1 and FGFR1","volume":"21","author":"Chu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2009.177","article-title":"The genetic and molecular basis of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism","volume":"5","author":"Bianco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-020-02147-1","article-title":"Genetics of congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: peculiarities and phenotype of an oligogenic disease","volume":"140","author":"Cangiano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2010.01.004","article-title":"Novel insights in FGFR1 regulation: lessons from Kallmann syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Hu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinology Metabolism"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2015.112","article-title":"European consensus statement on congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism \u2013 pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"11","author":"Boehm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2024.119994","article-title":"Kallmann syndrome: diagnostics and management","volume":"565","author":"Kumar Yadav","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clinica Chimica Acta"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-022-01261-0","article-title":"Panel testing for the molecular genetic diagnosis of congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism \u2013 a clinical perspective","volume":"31","author":"Al Sayed","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Journal Human Genetics"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-021-00638-8","article-title":"Advances in genetic diagnosis of Kallmann syndrome and genetic interruption","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-018-0003-3","article-title":"Genetics of male infertility","volume":"15","author":"Krausz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R55","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0749","article-title":"GENETICS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: genetic counseling for congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and Kallmann syndrome: new challenges in the era of oligogenism and next-generation sequencing","volume":"178","author":"Maione","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.262","article-title":"Factors affecting spermatogenesis upon gonadotropin-replacement therapy: a meta-analytic study","volume":"2","author":"Rastrelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib16","volume-title":"WHO laboratory manual for the Examination and processing of human semen (5th ed.)","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.4103\/aja202483","article-title":"Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism as a cause of NOA and its treatment","volume":"27","author":"Salvio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2017.247","article-title":"Are whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing approaches cost-effective? A systematic review of the literature","volume":"20","author":"Schwarze","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14192","article-title":"Function and information content of DNA methylation","volume":"517","author":"Sch\u00fcbeler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2016.09.001","article-title":"Spermatozoa from infertile patients exhibit differences of DNA methylation associated with spermatogenesis-related processes: an array-based analysis","volume":"33","author":"Camprub\u00ed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12231","article-title":"Teratozoospermia and asthenozoospermia are associated with specific epigenetic signatures","volume":"4","author":"Jenkins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01040-z","article-title":"DNMT3A-dependent DNA methylation is required for spermatogonial stem cells to commit to spermatogenesis","volume":"54","author":"Dura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-022-01028-8","article-title":"Poor semen parameters are associated with abnormal methylation of imprinted genes in sperm DNA","volume":"20","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-020-01839-x","article-title":"Profiling the DNA methylation patterns of imprinted genes in abnormal semen samples by next-generation bisulfite sequencing","volume":"37","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12742","article-title":"Increased DNA methylation in the spermatogenesis-associated (SPATA) genes correlates with infertility","volume":"8","author":"Sujit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-022-01350-3","article-title":"Cri du chat syndrome patients have DNA methylation changes in genes linked to symptoms of the disease","volume":"14","author":"Holland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Epigenet"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-019-0749-3","article-title":"A genome-wide DNA methylation signature for SETD1B-related syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Krzyzewska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Epigenet"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14436","article-title":"Novel rare variants in FGFR1 and clinical characteristics analysis in a series of congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism patients","volume":"95","author":"Nie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","article-title":"Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for illumina sequence data","volume":"30","author":"Bolger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-232","article-title":"BSMAP: whole genome bisulfite sequence MAPping program","volume":"10","author":"Xi","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.196394.115","article-title":"Metilene: fast and sensitive calling of differentially methylated regions from bisulfite sequencing data","volume":"26","author":"J\u00fchling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/75556","article-title":"Gene ontology: tool for the unification of biology. The gene ontology consortium","volume":"25","author":"Ashburner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D480","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm882","article-title":"KEGG for linking genomes to life and the environment","volume":"36","author":"Kanehisa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.10.026","article-title":"The Mammalian spermatogenesis single-cell transcriptome, from spermatogonial stem cells to spermatids","volume":"25","author":"Hermann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9435","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.002286","article-title":"Disruption of protein kinase A localization induces acrosomal exocytosis in capacitated mouse sperm","volume":"293","author":"Stival","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.18429","article-title":"The regulation role of calcium channels in mammalian sperm function: a narrative review with a focus on humans and mice","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1070963","article-title":"Unique chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation in spermatogenesis","volume":"296","author":"Sassone-Corsi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-022-01057-1","article-title":"Bud31-mediated alternative splicing is required for spermatogonial stem cell self-renewal and differentiation","volume":"30","author":"Qin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev283","article-title":"Promoter targeted bisulfite sequencing reveals DNA methylation profiles associated with low sperm motility in asthenozoospermia","volume":"31","author":"Du","year":"2016","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12362","article-title":"Spermatozoa from males with reduced fecundity exhibit differential DNA methylation patterns","volume":"5","author":"Laqqan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101475","article-title":"Kallman syndrome and central non-obstructive azoospermia","volume":"34","author":"Thakker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.galenos.2023.2022-10-14","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and genetic analyses of patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism","volume":"15","author":"\u00c7iftci","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201796812","article-title":"Gene body DNA methylation conspires with H3K36me3 to preclude aberrant transcription","volume":"36","author":"Teissandier","year":"2017","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15114","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1618737114","article-title":"DNA methylation in the gene body influences MeCP2-mediated gene repression","volume":"113","author":"Kinde","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2795","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-024-03236-0","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA content and methylation in sperm of patients with asthenozoospermia","volume":"41","author":"Geng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s40246-024-00626-4","article-title":"Sperm epigenetics and male infertility: unraveling the molecular puzzle","volume":"18","author":"Hosseini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hum Genomics"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gap080","article-title":"Function of sperm chromatin structural elements in fertilization and development","volume":"16","author":"Ward","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.02.025","article-title":"Quality control autophagy degrades soluble ERAD-resistant conformers of the misfolded membrane protein GnRHR","volume":"54","author":"Houck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecular Cell"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3033","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2023.2238577","article-title":"The constructive and destructive impact of autophagy on both genders\u2019 reproducibility, a comprehensive review","volume":"19","author":"Samare-Najaf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-022-01236-4","article-title":"Gender-affirming hormone therapy induces specific DNA methylation changes in blood","volume":"14","author":"Shepherd","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Epigenet"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.01.025","article-title":"DNA comethylation analysis reveals a functional association between BRCA1 and sperm DNA fragmentation","volume":"117","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkaa077","article-title":"BRCA1\/2 mutation status impact on autophagy and immune response: unheralded target","volume":"4","author":"Morand","year":"2020","journal-title":"JNCI Cancer Spectr"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12438","article-title":"Roles of histone H3.5 in human spermatogenesis and spermatogenic disorders","volume":"6","author":"Shiraishi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2009.05.009","article-title":"The role of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) in sperm functions","volume":"314","author":"Almog","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-021-00723-2","article-title":"Hsp90 modulates human sperm capacitation via the Erk1\/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways","volume":"19","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2015.06.018","article-title":"Regulation and function of the human HSP90AA1 gene","volume":"570","author":"Zuehlke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-022-02545-6","article-title":"Sperm cryopreservation and DNA methylation: possible implications for ART success and the health of offspring","volume":"39","author":"Khosravizadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv028","article-title":"Paternal sperm DNA methylation associated with early signs of autism risk in an autism-enriched cohort","volume":"44","author":"Feinberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026070711010971200_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-020-00995-2","article-title":"Sperm DNA methylation epimutation biomarker for paternal offspring autism susceptibility","volume":"13","author":"Garrido","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Epigenet"}],"container-title":["Endocrine Connections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ec.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/ec\/14\/10\/EC-25-0224.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ec.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ec\/14\/10\/EC-25-0224.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/ec\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1530\/EC-25-0224\/9830\/ec-25-0224.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/ec\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1530\/EC-25-0224\/9830\/ec-25-0224.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T15:34:22Z","timestamp":1783438462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/ec\/article\/14\/10\/e250224\/1442\/Sperm-DNA-methylation-profiling-in-patients-with"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/ec-25-0224","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-3614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-3614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"article-number":"e250224"}}