{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T18:18:00Z","timestamp":1783448280917,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":185,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bariatric surgery affects multiple physiological systems, including the regulation of des-acyl ghrelin (DAG). DAG has been negatively associated with excess adiposity and insulin resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the relationship between serum DAG concentrations and short-term weight loss following bariatric surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective multicenter cohort study across three bariatric surgery centers in Latvia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fasting blood samples for DAG measurement were collected 1 day preoperatively, 2 days postoperatively, and at 3 months post-surgery. Anthropometric and laboratory assessments were performed at the same time points.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 62 patients were included; 64.5% (n = 40) underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and 35.5% (n = 22) sleeve gastrectomy (SG). The cohort was predominantly female (67.7%). Median baseline weight and BMI were 129 kg (IQR 106\u2013150) and 45.1 kg\/m2, respectively. Median excess weight loss at 3 months was 40.2% (IQR 32.2\u201354.3%). DAG concentrations showed significant inverse correlations with preoperative weight (r = \u22120.371), BMI (r = \u22120.311), and excess weight (r = \u22120.355; all P &amp;lt; 0.05). These associations persisted across all sampling points in the RYGB group, whereas in SG patients, they were largely confined to postoperative day 2. No significant relationships were observed between DAG and relative weight-loss metrics. DAG levels were higher in females; age showed no association with DAG changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DAG levels are inversely associated with absolute measures of adiposity, particularly among RYGB patients. These findings support DAG\u2019s potential relevance as a marker of total fat burden and early postoperative metabolic response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/ec-25-0325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T12:47:52Z","timestamp":1765543672000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Short-term changes in des-acyl ghrelin following bariatric surgery"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1322-9766","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guna","family":"B\u012blande","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1"},{"name":"2"},{"name":"3"},{"name":"4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maksims","family":"Muk\u0101ns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2"},{"name":"5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igors","family":"Troickis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"},{"name":"2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O\u013cegs","family":"Kozlovskis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Egons","family":"Liepi\u0146\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juris","family":"\u017darinovs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valdis","family":"P\u012br\u0101gs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3"},{"name":"7"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2009.00611.x","article-title":"Characterizing the obesogenic environment: the state of the evidence with directions for future research","volume":"11","author":"Kirk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1999.0585","article-title":"Dissecting obesogenic environments: the development and application of a framework for identifying and prioritizing environmental interventions for obesity","volume":"29","author":"Swinburn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib3","first-page":"341","article-title":"Interdisciplinary European guidelines on metabolic and bariatric surgery","volume":"386","author":"Himpens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Sci Sport Exerc"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2964","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-019-03942-0","article-title":"The risk of post-operative complications in super-super obesity compared to super obesity in accredited bariatric surgery centers","volume":"29","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-06636-3","article-title":"Circulating acyl and des-acyl ghrelin levels in obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13409","article-title":"Mechanisms of weight loss and improved metabolism following bariatric surgery","volume":"1411","author":"Mulla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00626","article-title":"Metabolic and endocrine consequences of bariatric surgery","volume":"10","author":"Cornejo-Pareja","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.307591","article-title":"Treatment of obesity: weight loss and bariatric surgery","volume":"118","author":"Wolfe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.47104\/ebnrojs3.v5i4.314","article-title":"Impact of bariatric surgery on patients\u2019 satisfaction and quality of life: a narrative review","volume":"5","author":"Alharbi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Evidence Based Nurs Res"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g3961","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g3961","article-title":"Bariatric surgery for obesity and metabolic conditions in adults","volume":"349","author":"Arterburn","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-014-1567-5","article-title":"Bariatric surgery can lead to net cost savings to health care systems: results from a comprehensive European decision analytic model","volume":"25","author":"Borisenko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14040435","article-title":"Economic burden of obesity: a systematic literature review","volume":"14","author":"Tremmel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-012-0839-1","article-title":"Surgical weight loss: impact on energy expenditure","volume":"23","author":"Thivel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib14","first-page":"366","article-title":"Fasting and postprandial acyl and desacyl ghrelin and the acyl\/desacyl ratio in obese patients before and after different types of bariatric surgery","volume":"13","author":"Dardzi\u0144ska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12258","article-title":"Appetite and body weight regulation after bariatric surgery","volume":"16","author":"M\u00fcnzberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20364","article-title":"Gastrointestinal hormones and bariatric surgery-induced weight loss","volume":"21","author":"Ionut","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-017-0276-5","article-title":"Potential hormone mechanisms of bariatric surgery","volume":"6","author":"Dimitriadis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Obes Rep"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1159\/000346059","article-title":"Des-acyl ghrelin: a metabolically active peptide","volume":"25","author":"Delhanty","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr Dev"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-0456","article-title":"Mechanisms in endocrinology: ghrelin: the differences between acyl- and des-acyl ghrelin","volume":"167","author":"Delhanty","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4255","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.11.7757","article-title":"Ghrelin, a novel growth hormone-releasing acylated peptide, is synthesized in a distinct endocrine cell type in the gastrointestinal tracts of rats and humans","volume":"141","author":"Date","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.4039","article-title":"Ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin: two major forms of rat ghrelin peptide in gastrointestinal tissue","volume":"279","author":"Hosoda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-020-04601-5","article-title":"Revisiting the ghrelin changes following bariatric and metabolic surgery","volume":"30","author":"Tuero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.endinu.2019.07.004","article-title":"Fasting ghrelin levels after gastric bypass and vertical sleeve gastrectomy: an analytical cohort study","volume":"67","author":"Navarro Garc\u00eda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.06.014","article-title":"Higher unacylated ghrelin and insulin sensitivity following dietary restriction and weight loss in obese humans","volume":"40","author":"Barazzoni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S368770","article-title":"Relationship between acyl and desacyl ghrelin levels with insulin resistance and body fat mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"15","author":"Zang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4158\/GL-2019-0406","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the perioperative nutrition, metabolic, and nonsurgical support of patients undergoing bariatric procedures \u2013 2019 update: cosponsored by American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists\/American College of Endocrinology, The Obesity Society, American Society for Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery, Obesity Medicine Association, and American Society of Anesthesiologists","volume":"25","author":"Mechanick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2022.08.013","article-title":"2022 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) and International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and metabolic disorders (IFSO): indications for metabolic and bariatric surgery","volume":"18","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3218","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-021-05390-1","article-title":"Comparison of liver recovery after sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass","volume":"31","author":"Schmitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2011.07.009","article-title":"Changes in postprandial gut hormones after metabolic surgery: a comparison of gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1177271920928923","article-title":"Glucose homeostasis in Obese women is not associated to unacylated ghrelin plasma levels","volume":"15","author":"Veiga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomark Insights"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3062","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031964","article-title":"Non-acylated ghrelin counteracts the metabolic but not the neuroendocrine response to acylated ghrelin in humans","volume":"89","author":"Broglio","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1069","article-title":"Ghrelin stimulates, whereas des-octanoyl ghrelin inhibits, glucose output by primary hepatocytes","volume":"90","author":"Gauna","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.038737","article-title":"Stomach regulates energy balance via acylated ghrelin and desacyl ghrelin","volume":"54","author":"Asakawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/0100-6991e-20181864","article-title":"Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o da qualidade de vida, perda de peso e comorbidades de pacientes submetidos \u00e0 cirurgia bari\u00e1trica","volume":"45","author":"Castanha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Col Bras Cir"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8211","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-59048-w","article-title":"Comparative impact of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy or diet alone on beta-cell function in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients","volume":"14","author":"Lannoo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17416","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-68480-x","article-title":"Assessment of weight change patterns following Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass, one anastomosis gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy using change-point analysis","volume":"14","author":"Boustani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026070713522229300_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-024-03341-9","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of sleeve gastrectomy versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in patients with morbid obesity: multicenter comparative study","volume":"409","author":"Thaher","year":"2024","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"}],"container-title":["Endocrine Connections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ec.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/ec\/15\/1\/EC-25-0325.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ec.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ec\/15\/1\/EC-25-0325.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/ec\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1530\/EC-25-0325\/504852\/ec-25-0325.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/ec\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1530\/EC-25-0325\/504852\/ec-25-0325.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T17:53:43Z","timestamp":1783446823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/ec\/article\/15\/1\/e250325\/75362\/Short-term-changes-in-des-acyl-ghrelin-following"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/ec-25-0325","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-3614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-3614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"article-number":"e250325"}}