{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T16:22:59Z","timestamp":1783441379926,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":165,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p\/>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of rare neoplasms arising from neuroendocrine cells, most commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. Despite novel diagnostic techniques, identifying reliable biomarkers for NETs still remains a challenge.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>Our study explores the diagnostic, monitoring and prognostic value of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in pancreatic NETs.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>We recruited 41 adult patients diagnosed with liver-metastatic non-functioning pancreatic NETs. Serum AFP levels were assessed at 3-month intervals over a span of 4 years. For comparative purposes, we analysed data in relation to sex, age, liver tumour burden (LTB; &amp;lt;10%, 10\u201325%), tumour grade based on the WHO 2022 classification (G1, G2), and treatment response at baseline as defined by RECIST 1.1 criteria (SD \u2013 stable disease, PD \u2013 progressive disease). Every patient underwent treatment with somatostatin analogues during the study period.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>Elevated AFP concentrations showed a continuous upward trend across all participants and were significantly associated with indicators of more aggressive disease: greater LTB (10\u201325%, P &amp;lt; 0.001), higher tumour grade (G2, P &amp;lt; 0.001), and progression of disease (PD, P &amp;lt; 0.001). No statistically significant differences in AFP levels were observed in relation to age or sex.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>AFP consistently increases in patients with progressive pancreatic NETs compared to patients with SD at baseline. The potential utility of AFP measurements requires further follow-up studies, especially as a prognostic biomarker.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/ec-25-0350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T15:46:26Z","timestamp":1756482386000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Longitudinal analysis of serum alpha-fetoprotein in stable and progressive metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2449-3324","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jan","family":"Musia\u0142kiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences , ,","place":["Pozna\u0144, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Rucha\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences , ,","place":["Pozna\u0144, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6548-0613","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Komarnicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences , ,","place":["Pozna\u0144, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Maciejewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences , ,","place":["Pozna\u0144, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0713-492X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joanna","family":"Sienkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences , ,","place":["Pozna\u0144, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phantira","family":"Sirisachadecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences , ,","place":["Pozna\u0144, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart\u0142omiej","family":"Budny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences , ,","place":["Pozna\u0144, 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