{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T11:11:22Z","timestamp":1789125082442,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":59,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with excessive ovarian androgen production, an increased number of ovarian follicles and a wide range of other endocrine and metabolic derangements, including endotoxemia. Metformin is often used in the treatment of PCOS, especially to improve glucose metabolism. This study evaluated the effects of metformin on endotoxemia, folliculogenesis and endocrine profiles. In a prospective trial, women with PCOS received metformin (500 mg t.i.d.) for three months and underwent baseline and post-treatment evaluations of their endocrine and metabolic profiles as well as detailed ultrasonographic evaluations of ovaries. Metformin treatment was associated with reduced lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) by 19% (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and LPS-binding protein (LPB) by 26% (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). In parallel, the number of small antral follicles (&amp;lt;6 mm) declined by 8% (P = 0.005), total testosterone decreased by 13% (P = 0.0003), ovarian testosterone production in response to hCG declined by 73% (P = 0.03), and fasting insulin decreased by 19% (P = 0.02). The reduction in testosterone following treatment with metformin may be due to a combination of multiple effects of metformin, including improvement in endotoxemia, reduction in folliculogenesis and decreased insulin.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>Clinical trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>NCT03489668<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/ec-26-0120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T16:50:21Z","timestamp":1776444621000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metformin improves endotoxemia and alters folliculogenesis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Trzcinski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Infertility Treatment, Department od Diagnostics and Treatment of Infertility, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izabela","family":"Chudzicka-Strugala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA 3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Piekarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland 4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Spaczynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona G\u00f3ra, Zielona G\u00f3ra, Poland 5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Zwo\u017adziak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Banaszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland 6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leszek","family":"Pawelczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Infertility Treatment, Department od Diagnostics and Treatment of Infertility, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R Jeffrey","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA 3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1419-6502","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antoni J","family":"Duleba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA 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