{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T14:17:00Z","timestamp":1784557020671,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["edm.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"abstract":"\n Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare neuroendocrine prostatic malignancy. It usually arises after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), while\n de novo<\/jats:italic>\n cases are even more infrequent, with only six cases described. The patient was a 78-year-old man with no history of ADT who presented with cervical lymphadenopathy. Diagnostic approaches included PET\/CT, MRI, CT scans, ultrasonography, biopsies, and cytological and immunohistochemical evaluations. Results showed a poorly differentiated carcinoma in the thyroid gland accompanied by cervical lymph node enlargement. Thyroid surgery revealed LCNEC metastasis to the thyroid gland. Additional metastases were identified in both the adrenal glands. Despite appropriate treatment, the patient died of the disease.\n De novo<\/jats:italic>\n LCNEC of the prostate is a rare, highly aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis. It is resistant to most therapeutic agents, has a high metastatic potential, and is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. Further studies are required to characterize this tumor.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Learning points<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n De novo<\/jats:italic>\n LCNECs of the prostate gland can metastasize almost anywhere in the body, including the thyroid and adrenal glands.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n LCNECs of the prostate are usually associated with androgen-depriving therapy, but\n de novo<\/jats:italic>\n cases are also notable and should be accounted for.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Further studies are required to fully understand and treat LCNECs more effectively.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/edm-22-0301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T07:01:01Z","timestamp":1670396461000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["De novo purely prostatic large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with thyroid and adrenal metastases"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Karvounis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine Surgery, \u2018Euroclinic\u2019 Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4077-7407","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Zoupas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine Surgery, \u2018Euroclinic\u2019 Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitra","family":"Bantouna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2804-0859","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rodis D","family":"Paparodis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Patras, Greece"},{"name":"Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxani","family":"Efthymiadou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PET-CT Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Ioakimidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Panopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, \u2018Euroclinic\u2019 Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"New England Journal of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199104253241702","article-title":"Measurement of prostate-specific antigen in serum as a screening test for prostate cancer","volume":"324","author":"Catalona","year":"1991","unstructured":"Catalona WJSmith DSRatliff TLDodds KMCoplen DEYuan JJPetros JAAndriole GL. Measurement of prostate-specific antigen in serum as a screening test for prostate cancer. New England Journal of Medicine19913241156\u20131161. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199104253241702)10.1056\/NEJM199104253241702"},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"Human Pathology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(92)90110-O","article-title":"Neuroendocrine differentiation in human prostatic carcinoma","volume":"23","author":"di Sant\u2019Agnese","year":"1992","unstructured":"di Sant\u2019Agnese PANeuroendocrine differentiation in human prostatic carcinoma. Human Pathology199223287\u2013296. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0046-8177(9290110-o)10.1016\/0046-8177(92)90110-O"},{"issue":"Supplement 2","key":"bib3","series-title":"Annals of Oncology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S141","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/12.suppl_2.S141","article-title":"Neuroendocrine differentiation in human prostate cancer. Morphogenesis, proliferation and androgen receptor status","volume":"12","author":"Bonkhoff","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bonkhoff HNeuroendocrine differentiation in human prostate cancer. Morphogenesis, proliferation and androgen receptor status. Annals of Oncology200112 (Supplement 2) S141\u2013S144. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annonc\/12.suppl_2.s141)10.1093\/annonc\/12.suppl_2.S141"},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"American Journal of Surgical Pathology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200606000-00003","article-title":"Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of prostate: a clinicopathologic summary of 7 cases of a rare manifestation of advanced prostate cancer","volume":"30","author":"Evans","year":"2006","unstructured":"Evans AJHumphrey PABelani Jvan der Kwast THSrigley JR. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of prostate: a clinicopathologic summary of 7 cases of a rare manifestation of advanced prostate cancer. 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(https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/hp.2000.6698)10.1053\/hp.2000.6698"},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"Endocrine Journal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.51.445","article-title":"Prostatic adenocarcinoma metastasis in the thyroid gland","volume":"51","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bayram FSoyuer IAtmaca HDemirci DGokce CCanoz OUnluhizarci K & Kelestimur F.Prostatic adenocarcinoma metastasis in the thyroid gland. Endocrine Journal200451445-448.10.1507\/endocrj.51.445"},{"key":"bib7","series-title":"Pathology Oncology Research 2008 14","first-page":"493","article-title":"Skip metastase on the left neck lymph nodes of the prostatic adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation and accompanying thyroid micropapillary carcinoma","unstructured":"Sagnak LTopaloglu HGucuk OHan U & Ersoy HSkip metastase on the left neck lymph nodes of the prostatic adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation and accompanying thyroid micropapillary carcinoma. 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