{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T14:17:00Z","timestamp":1784557020674,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["edm.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]},"abstract":"\n Summary<\/jats:title>\n Mpox (MPX) formerly known as monkeypox was declared a public health emergency of international concern, following an outbreak that commenced in May 2022. We report a case of subacute thyroiditis following MPX infection. To our knowledge, it is the first documented incidence of this complication in humans. A 51-year-old male, with a well-controlled human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on antiretroviral therapy, was reviewed 3 weeks after a positive test for MPX. The acute skin lesions and initial systemic symptoms had resolved, but he described significant neck discomfort, fatigue, weight loss and night sweats. Blood tests showed a raised C-reactive protein, free T4 and suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone. His thyroid antibodies were negative. He was treated initially with carbimazole and propranolol, pending exclusion of any other intercurrent infection. A chest radiograph was normal; blood cultures and a combined nose and throat swab for respiratory virus PCR testing were negative. Following this, he commenced a 2-week course of prednisolone; his symptoms resolved completely within 24 h of starting. He subsequently developed hypothyroidism, which was treated with levothyroxine. The clinical features, abnormal thyroid function, raised CRP and negative thyroid antibodies 3 weeks post-MPX positive test was consistent with viral subacute thyroiditis. This case demonstrates that, as described following other viral infections, MPX can cause subacute thyroiditis, which follows a similar course to the classic form of subacute thyroiditis. Clinicians should be aware of this potential endocrine complication when attending to patients with MPX.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Learning points<\/jats:title>\n \n \n Subacute thyroiditis can present following mpox virus infection.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Its course is similar to the classic form of subacute thyroiditis and steroids are effective.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n It is important to exclude other concurrent infections prior to starting steroids, especially for patients who are immunosuppressed or in other high-risk groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/edm-23-0034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T07:33:10Z","timestamp":1692171190000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Subacute thyroiditis following Mpox infection in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2796-5027","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Ssemmondo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Akasha","family":"Idris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hull University Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Hull, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damian","family":"Mawer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hull, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Easom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hull University Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Hull, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Thow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hull, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"New England Journal of Medicine","first-page":"1783","article-title":"Monkeypox","volume":"387","author":"Gessain","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gessain ANakoune E & Yazdanpanah Y. Monkeypox. New England Journal of Medicine20223871783\u20131793. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra2208860)"},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","first-page":"293","article-title":"Human monkeypox: clinical features of 282 patients","volume":"156","author":"Jezek","year":"1987","unstructured":"Jezek ZSzczeniowski MPaluku KM & Mutombo M. Human monkeypox: clinical features of 282 patients. Journal of Infectious Diseases1987156293\u2013298. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/156.2.293)"},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"Laboratory Investigation; a Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology","first-page":"1581","article-title":"The pathology of experimental aerosolized monkeypox virus infection in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)","volume":"81","author":"Zaucha","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zaucha GMJahrling PBGeisbert TWSwearengen JR & Hensley L. 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(https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1743-422X-6-5)"},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"Case Reports in Endocrinology","first-page":"2211061","article-title":"A Case of Subacute Thyroiditis following COVID-19 Infection","volume":"2022","author":"Elawady","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elawady SSPhuyal DShah RK & Mirza L. A Case of Subacute Thyroiditis following COVID-19 Infection. Case Reports in Endocrinology202220222211061. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/2211061)"},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"Pathology, Research and Practice","first-page":"833","article-title":"Cellular composition of subacute thyroiditis. An immunohistochemical study of six cases","volume":"198","author":"Kojima","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kojima MNakamura SOyama TSugihara SSakata N & Masawa N. Cellular composition of subacute thyroiditis. An immunohistochemical study of six cases. Pathology, Research and Practice2002198833\u2013837. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1078\/0344-0338-00344)"},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"American Family Physician","first-page":"389","article-title":"Thyroiditis: an integrated approach","volume":"90","author":"Sweeney","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sweeney LBStewart C & Gaitonde DY. Thyroiditis: an integrated approach. American Family Physician201490389\u2013396."}],"container-title":["Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/edm.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/edm\/2023\/3\/EDM23-0034.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/edm.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/edm\/2023\/3\/EDM23-0034.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/edm.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/edm\/2023\/3\/EDM23-0034.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:48:13Z","timestamp":1784555293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/edm\/article\/3571"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/edm-23-0034","relation":{},"ISSN":["2052-0573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2052-0573","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]}}}