{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T14:17:26Z","timestamp":1784557046158,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["edm.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]},"abstract":"\n Summary<\/jats:title>\n With rising rates of adoption and surrogacy, induced lactation is likely to become increasingly relevant, allowing women who did not undergo pregnancy to breastfeed. We describe the case of a woman with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) on conventional oestrogen therapy who was expecting a child via surrogacy and who wished to breastfeed. The woman was commenced on supplementary oestrogen therapy, domperidone and breast stimulation by mechanical breast pump 8 weeks prior to the delivery of her child. Following delivery, the patient produced a small, unquantified amount of milk, allowing her to suckle the infant for a short period of time. Induced lactation is possible in chromosomally XY individuals. It has been most successful in cis-women and transwomen, both of whom have had progesterone\/progestogen exposure to the breast. We suggest that the addition of a progestogen to our patient\u2019s treatment regimen, either as part of her original hormone therapy or part of the lactation induction program, would have improved her changes of establishing successful lactation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Learning points<\/jats:title>\n \n \n Induced lactation is possible in chromosomally XY individuals with the use of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n There are no standardised guidelines regarding the optimal regimen for induced lactation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Progesterone exposure to the breast is essential for ductal branching and alveolar maturation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n In the published literature, induced lactation is more successful in transwomen and other XY individuals who have had prior progesterone exposure.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n The addition of progestogen to our patient\u2019s treatment regimen would have improved her chances of establishing successful lactation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/edm-23-0063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T06:24:46Z","timestamp":1700029486000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Induction of lactation in a patient with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6253-3633","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kimberly","family":"Voon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9109-9864","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bronwyn G A","family":"Stuckey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia"},{"name":"Keogh Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Transgender Health","first-page":"24","article-title":"Case report: induced lactation in a transgender woman","volume":"3","author":"Reisman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reisman T & Goldstein Z. 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(available at: https:\/\/www-clinicalkey-com-au.smhslibresources.health.wa.gov.au\/#!\/dura\/ browse\/bookChapter\/3-s2.0-C20180021131)"},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care","first-page":"305","article-title":"The nuts and bolts of breastfeeding: anatomy and physiology of lactation","volume":"47","author":"Sriraman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sriraman NK. The nuts and bolts of breastfeeding: anatomy and physiology of lactation. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care201747305\u2013310. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cppeds.2017.10.001)"},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine","first-page":"374","article-title":"Nursing the adopted infant","volume":"19","author":"Bryant","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bryant CA. Nursing the adopted infant. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine200619374\u2013379. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3122\/jabfm.19.4.374)"},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Journal of Human Lactation","first-page":"739","article-title":"Methods and success factors of induced lactation: a scoping review","volume":"36","author":"Cazorla-Ortiz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cazorla-Ortiz GObregon-Guiterrez NRozas-Garcia MR & Goberna-Tricas J. Methods and success factors of induced lactation: a scoping review. Journal of Human Lactation202036739\u2013749. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0890334420950321)"},{"key":"bib11","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism","first-page":"3869","article-title":"Endocrine treatment of gender-dysphoric\/gender-incongruent persons: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"102","author":"Hembree","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hembree WCCohen-Kettenis PTGooren LHannema SEMeyer WJMurad MHRosenthal SMSafer JDTangpricha V & T'Sjoen GG. 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