{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T14:17:54Z","timestamp":1784557074513,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["edm.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"\n Summary<\/jats:title>\n Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can impair pituitary\u2013gonadal axis and a higher prevalence of hypogonadism in post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients compared with the general population has been highlighted. Here we report the first case of a patient affected with a long-COVID syndrome leading to hypogonadism and treated with testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and its effects on clinical and quality of life (QoL) outcomes. We encountered a 62-year-old man who had been diagnosed with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism about 2 months after recovery from COVID-19 underwent a complete physical examination, general and hormonal blood tests, and self-reported questionnaires administration before and after starting TRT. Following the TRT, both serum testosterone level and hypogonadism-related symptoms were improved, but poor effects occurred on general and neuropsychiatric symptoms and QoL. Therefore, hypogonadism does not appear to be the cause of neurocognitive symptoms, but rather a part of the long-COVID syndrome; as a consequence, starting TRT can improve the hypogonadism-related symptoms without clear benefits on general clinical condition and QoL, which are probably related to the long-COVID itself. Longer follow-up might clarify whether post-COVID hypogonadism is a transient condition that can revert as the patient recovers from long-COVID syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Learning points<\/jats:title>\n \n \n Hypogonadism is more prevalent in post-COVID-19 patients compared with the general population.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n In these patients, hypogonadism may be part of long-COVID syndrome, and it is still unclear whether it is a transient condition or a permanent impairment of gonadal function.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Testosterone replacement therapy has positive effects on hypogonadism-related clinic without clear benefits on general symptomatology and quality of life, which are more likely related to the long-COVID itself.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/edm-23-0097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T08:09:29Z","timestamp":1711094969000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Use of testosterone replacement therapy to treat long-COVID-related hypogonadism"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0224-8104","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Amodeo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2068-9581","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luca","family":"Persani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5454-6074","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marco","family":"Bonomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biagio","family":"Cangiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Lancet. 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Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences202050620\u2013632. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3906\/sag-2004-168)"},{"key":"bib11","series-title":"Domestic Animal Endocrinology","first-page":"321","article-title":"The anti-gonadotropic effects of cytokines: the role of neuropeptides","volume":"15","author":"Kalra","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kalra PSEdwards TGXu BJain M & Kalra SP. The anti-gonadotropic effects of cytokines: the role of neuropeptides. Domestic Animal Endocrinology199815321\u2013332. 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