{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T18:18:01Z","timestamp":1783448281072,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":165,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is a novel treatment utilised in a number of malignant and non-malignant conditions, with promising results in multiple sclerosis (MS), particularly in those not responding to previous disease-modifying therapies. There is existing evidence to suggest that HSCT has been linked to, in rare cases, autoimmune thyroid dysfunction. Much of the current literature highlights paediatric occurrences. The most common dysfunction noted is hypothyroidism, seen in 40% of cases, with other autoimmune thyroid dysfunctions reported less commonly. A 34-year-old female represents a unique case of autoimmune hyperthyroidism secondary to haematopoietic stem cell transplant completed for relapsing-remitting MS. One year following her HSCT, she presented with fatigue, brain fog, palpitations and tremors, and blood tests revealed thyrotoxicosis with elevated thyroid receptor antibody levels (TSH receptor antibodies). She was diagnosed with Graves\u2019 disease and treated with carbimazole and propranolol acutely; she is currently under regular endocrine follow-up. Ongoing multidisciplinary collaboration to holistically support her complex health needs continues, and a symptomatic improvement has been noted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Learning points<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/edm-25-0162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T14:50:13Z","timestamp":1772031013000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Autoimmune hyperthyroidism following haematopoietic stem cell transplant for multiple sclerosis in an adult female: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8690-434X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amy","family":"Haeffner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1"},{"name":"2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Azkoul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sing Yang","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070713531151700_bib1","article-title":"Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of multiple sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Rush","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"2026070713531151700_bib2","first-page":"269","article-title":"Real-world application of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in 507 patients with multiple sclerosis","author":"Burt","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2026070713531151700_bib3","first-page":"13","article-title":"Thyroid function disorders and secondary cancer following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatrics: state of the art and practical recommendations for a risk-based follow-up","volume":"21","author":"Cattoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026070713531151700_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2022.05.040","article-title":"Thyroid disorders following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in childhood: impact of conditioning regimen on thyroid dysfunction, volume changes, and occurrence of nodules","volume":"28","author":"Cattoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transplant Cell Ther"},{"key":"2026070713531151700_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-021-01277-y","article-title":"New autoimmune diseases after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple sclerosis","volume":"56","author":"Burt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"2026070713531151700_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2015.1085532","article-title":"Autoimmune thyroid dysfunction after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant","volume":"57","author":"Isshiki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"2026070713531151700_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.2295","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a report of four cases","volume":"7","author":"Sa\u011f","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026070713531151700_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-02-336156","article-title":"Secondary autoimmune diseases occurring after HSCT for an autoimmune disease: a retrospective study of the EBMT autoimmune disease working party","volume":"118","author":"Daikeler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026070713531151700_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000208006","article-title":"Adverse events associated with disease-modifying drugs for multiple sclerosis","volume":"102","author":"Ng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026070713531151700_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03347466","article-title":"A case of thyroiditis during natalizumab therapy for multiple sclerosis","volume":"34","author":"Oddo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Investig"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology, Diabetes &amp; 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