{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:21:56Z","timestamp":1760188916263},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Metabolic abnormalities, including impairment of glucose homeostasis, have been well characterized in HIV-infected patients. In contrast to adults, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus appear to be relatively uncommon finding in youth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>We assessed insulin resistance, and associated risk factors, in a population of vertically HIV-infected children and young adults, when compared with a control population of healthy children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>At the time of enrolment, weeks of pregnancy, birth weight, sex, age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), pubertal stages, CDC classification, blood pressure, clinical lipodystrophy, hepatitis B or C co-infection, antiretroviral therapy, CD4 T lymphocyte counts, and HIV-RNA levels were recorded. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were determined. These parameters were compared between HIV patients and healthy controls with multivariate analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fasting insulin levels (OR=1.21,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001) and glycemia (OR=0.89,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001) were significantly different between HIV-infected patients and controls. Antiretroviral therapy duration (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>=0.281,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05), triglyceride levels (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>=0.286,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05), age (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>=0.299,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05), and BMI SDS (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>=0.485,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001) were significant predictor variables of insulin resistance, expressed as HOMA-IR. Moreover, clinical lipodystrophy seems to be strongly correlated to glycemia (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05), triglyceride levels (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05), serum insulin levels (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), HOMA-IR (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05), and also with therapy duration (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy demonstrate differential effects on glucose metabolism in HIV-infected children. Targeted prevention of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus in HIV-infected children and young adults is needed in order to avoid the associated long-term complications that would otherwise occur, given the improvement in life expectancy of HIV-infected individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-07-0414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,5]],"date-time":"2007-11-05T20:49:43Z","timestamp":1194295783000},"page":"655-659","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Evaluation of insulin resistance in a cohort of HIV-infected youth"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Rosso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Parodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Paediatric ClinicG. Gaslini Institute, University of Genoa, Largo G. 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