{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T09:10:06Z","timestamp":1789377006341,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>3,5,3\u2032-triiodothyronine-predominant Graves' disease (T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-P-GD) is characterized by a persistently high serum T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> level and normal or even lower serum thyroxine (T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) level during antithyroid drug therapy. The source of this high serum T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> level has not been clarified. Our objective was to evaluate the contribution of type 1 and type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D1 (or DIO1) and D2 (or DIO2) respectively) in the thyroid gland to the high serum T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> level in T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-P-GD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We measured the activity and mRNA level of both D1 and D2 in the thyroid tissues of patients with T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-P-GD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=13) and common-type GD (CT-GD) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=18) who had been treated with methimazole up until thyroidectomy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thyroidal D1 activity in patients with T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-P-GD (492.7\u00b1201.3\u200apmol\/mg prot per h) was significantly higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05) than that in patients with CT-GD (320.7\u00b1151.9\u200apmol\/mg prot per h). On the other hand, thyroidal D2 activity in patients with T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-P-GD (823.9\u00b1596.4\u200afmol\/mg prot per h) was markedly higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.005) than that in patients with CT-GD (194.8\u00b1131.6\u200afmol\/mg prot per h). There was a significant correlation between the thyroidal D1 activity in patients with T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-P-GD and CT-GD and the serum FT<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-to-FT<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> ratio (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>=0.370, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). Moreover, there was a strong correlation between the thyroidal D2 activity in those patients and the serum FT<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-to-FT<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> ratio (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>=0.676, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that the increment of thyroidal deiodinase activity, namely D1 and especially D2 activities, may be responsible for the higher serum FT<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-to-FT<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> ratio in T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-P-GD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-10-0736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,12]],"date-time":"2010-10-12T02:08:16Z","timestamp":1286849296000},"page":"95-100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Type 1 and type 2 iodothyronine deiodinases in the thyroid gland of patients with 3,5,3\u2032-triiodothyronine-predominant Graves' disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Mitsuru","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagaoki","family":"Toyoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emiko","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuuki","family":"Takamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Amino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiji","family":"Iwasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junta","family":"Takamatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Miyauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsushige","family":"Nishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1_8513052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-2-1-87","volume":"2","author":"LARSEN","year":"1981","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0163-769X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"2_5731620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1997.7.655","volume":"7","author":"St Germain","year":"1997","journal-title":"Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1050-7256","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"3_16914926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1210\/er.23.1.38","volume":"23","author":"Bianco","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0163-769X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"8","key":"4_19381831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2005.15.787","volume":"15","author":"Kuiper","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1050-7256","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"5_16367081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118880","volume":"98","author":"Salvatore","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-9738","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"6_27977362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0178","volume":"92","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; 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