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C-peptide also has a role in the classification of diabetes, which is often difficult in adults and this is also increasingly recognised in adolescents and elders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to describe the levels of C-peptide in relation to age and body mass index (BMI) in a large population-based cohort of adults with newly diagnosed diabetes and compare the capabilities of C-peptide, age and BMI to discriminate between autoimmune and non-autoimmune diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood samples from 1180 patients were analysed regarding islet cell antibody, glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody and fasting C-peptide (FCP). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were analysed to check the ability of age, BMI and C-peptide to discriminate between autoantibody-positive (Ab<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) and -negative (Ab<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>) diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean FCP was 0.73\u00b10.5 (range 0.13\u20131.80) nmol\/l in the Ab<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and 1.42\u00b10.9 (range 0.13\u20138.30) nmol\/l in the Ab<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>. FCP was 0.02\u200anmol\/l higher per year increase in age at diagnosis of diabetes. Mean BMI was 26.0\u00b14.8 (range 18.0\u201339.0) kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> in the Ab<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and 28.9\u00b15.3 (range 15.5\u201362.6) kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> in the Ab<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>. FCP increased with age also within each BMI group. The highest area under the curve (AUC) in the ROC analysis was found for C-peptide, followed by age and BMI (0.78, 0.68 and 0.66 respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>At diagnosis of diabetes, C-peptide was superior to age and BMI in discriminating between autoimmune and non-autoimmune diabetes. C-peptide increased significantly with BMI and age, latter also within each BMI group. Most of the adults had normal or high levels of C-peptide at presentation of diabetes among the autoimmune patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-11-0797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,23]],"date-time":"2012-03-23T02:51:17Z","timestamp":1332471077000},"page":"1021-1029","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Levels of C-peptide, body mass index and age, and their usefulness in classification of diabetes in relation to autoimmunity, in adults with newly diagnosed diabetes in Kronoberg, 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