{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:13:27Z","timestamp":1787022807685,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is quite common in children and adolescents. The natural history of this condition and the potential effects of replacement therapy need to be known to properly manage SH. The aim of this review is to analyze: i) the spontaneous evolution of SH, in terms of the rate of reversion to euthyroidism, the persistence of SH, or the progression to over hypothyroidism; and ii) the effects of replacement therapy, with respect to auxological data, thyroid volume, and neuropsychological functions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE (1990\u20132012) and identified 39 potentially relevant articles of which only 15 articles were suitable to be included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      SH in children is a remitting process with a low risk of evolution toward overt hypothyroidism. Most of the subjects reverted to euthyroidism or remained SH, with a rate of evolution toward overt hypothyroidism ranging between 0 and 28.8%, being 50% in only one study (nine articles). The initial presence of goiter and elevated thyroglobulin antibodies, the presence of celiac disease, and a progressive increase in thyroperoxidase antibodies and TSH value predict a progression toward overt hypothyroidism. Replacement therapy is not justified in children with SH but with TSH 5\u201310\u200amIU\/l, no goiter, and negative antithyroid antibodies. An increased growth velocity was observed in children treated with levothyroxine (\n                      <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                      -T\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      ; two articles).\n                      <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                      -T\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      reduced thyroid volume in 25\u2013100% of children with SH and autoimmune thyroiditis (two studies). No effects on neuropsychological functions (one study) and posttreatment evolution of SH (one study) were reported.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-12-0656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,19]],"date-time":"2012-09-19T04:06:16Z","timestamp":1348027576000},"page":"R1-R11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["ENDOCRINE DISORDERS IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE: Natural history of subclinical hypothyroidism in children and adolescents and potential effects of replacement therapy: a review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"Alice","family":"Monzani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Prodam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Rapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Moia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Agarla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simonetta","family":"Bellone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianni","family":"Bona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1_17995448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.2.228","volume":"291","author":"Surks","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0098-7484","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"9821","key":"2_41768415","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60276-6","volume":"379","author":"Cooper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0140-6736","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"3_6487881","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.4.526","volume":"160","author":"Canaris","year":"2000","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-9926","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_9415451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1991.tb01739.x","volume":"34","author":"Parle","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clinical endocrinology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0300-0664","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"5_16908699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.87.2.489","volume":"87","author":"Hollowell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-972X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"6_15973357","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1995.tb01894.x","volume":"43","author":"Vanderpump","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clinical endocrinology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0300-0664","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_9387272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-72-1-209","volume":"72","author":"MARCOCCI","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-972X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"8_5021532","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1988.tb03651.x","volume":"28","author":"Althaus","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clinical endocrinology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0300-0664","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"9_41512319","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1978","volume":"97","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-972X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"10_6464270","first-page":"270","volume":"132","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-4819","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"12","key":"11_38116100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1361","volume":"304","author":"Rodondi","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0098-7484","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_10141035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.3.508","volume":"150","author":"Haggerty","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-953X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"14","key":"13_15933799","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1995.00430140052004","volume":"155","author":"Diekman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-9926","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"14_9864931","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(92)90782-7","volume":"92","author":"Staub","year":"1992","journal-title":"The American journal of medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-9343","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"15_11037157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2001.00777.x","volume":"31","author":"M\u00a0\u00a0ller","year":"2001","journal-title":"European journal of clinical investigation","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0014-2972","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"16_39931966","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2006-0043","volume":"29","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0163-769X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"12","key":"17_16549443","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4278","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.81.12.4278","volume":"81","author":"Uzzan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-972X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"18_15469120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1300350","volume":"130","author":"Faber","year":"1994","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0804-4643","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"19","key":"19_15634173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199411103311901","volume":"331","author":"Sawin","year":"1994","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0028-4793","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"20_33578700","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2325","volume":"94","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-972X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"11","key":"21_37985708","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4979","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0875","volume":"95","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-972X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"22_44432943","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0493","volume":"122","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0031-4005","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"23_21855919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2006.16.289","volume":"16","author":"Zois","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1050-7256","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"24_23069663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.08.045","volume":"149","author":"Radetti","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of pediatrics","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-3476","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"25_32866584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-08-0625","volume":"160","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0804-4643","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"26_16191079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1996.02170280063012","volume":"150","author":"Moore","year":"1996","journal-title":"Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0096-8994","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"27_11112514","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2001.14.2.177","volume":"14","author":"Jaruratanasirikul","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of pediatric endocrinology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0334-018X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"28_34124461","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2615","volume":"94","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-972X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"7","key":"29_30982816","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2612","volume":"93","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-972X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"30_40975933","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04251.x","volume":"76","author":"Radetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical endocrinology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0300-0664","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"31_44432944","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-200X.2003.01786.x","volume":"45","year":"2003","journal-title":"PEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN PEDIATRIC SOCIETY"},{"issue":"4","key":"32_5635217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1990.tb01393.x","volume":"7","author":"Chase","year":"1990","journal-title":"Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0742-3071","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"33_44432945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1159\/000339156","volume":"77","year":"2012","journal-title":"HORMONE RESEARCH IN PEDIATRICS"},{"issue":"5","key":"34_21675378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2400","volume":"91","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-972X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"35_15459819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)83141-5","volume":"124","author":"Rother","year":"1994","journal-title":"The Journal of pediatrics","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-3476","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"36_44432946","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6823-6-2","volume":"6","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC ENDOCRINE DISORDERS"},{"issue":"4","key":"37_39137209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0979","volume":"164","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0804-4643","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"7","key":"38_17137911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3221","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.87.7.3221","volume":"87","author":"Huber","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-972X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"39_17250084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.87.4.320","volume":"87","author":"Reinehr","year":"2002","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-9888","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"8","key":"40_22077706","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3088","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0095","volume":"91","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-972X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"41_31165036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1159\/000129678","volume":"70","author":"Reinehr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hormone research","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0301-0163","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"42_33886863","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1159\/000197872","volume":"71","author":"Shalitin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hormone research","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0301-0163","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"43_41554883","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6823-10-8","volume":"10","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC ENDOCRINE DISORDERS"},{"issue":"12","key":"44_38123281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5412","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1169","volume":"95","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-972X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"45_39514676","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1159\/000284361","volume":"73","year":"2010","journal-title":"HORMONE RESEARCH IN PEDIATRICS"},{"issue":"3","key":"46_40032068","first-page":"281","volume":"35","author":"Radetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of endocrinological investigation","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0391-4097","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"47_41358490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2011.11.013","volume":"413","author":"Pacifico","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinica Chimica Acta","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1873-3492","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"49_11039525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.2.750","volume":"86","author":"Fleury","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-972X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"50_24792022","first-page":"88","volume":"88","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0365-1436","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"10","key":"51_11358401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4585","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.10.4585","volume":"86","author":"McDermott","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-972X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"52_17746586","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(03)00108-5","volume":"14","author":"Owen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1043-2760","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"10","key":"53_11358402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4591","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.10.4591","volume":"86","author":"Chu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-972X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"54_17746587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(03)00103-6","volume":"14","author":"Vanderpump","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1043-2760","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"55_18610223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1231","volume":"90","author":"Gharib","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-972X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"7","key":"56_34734815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0375","volume":"94","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-972X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"8","key":"57_39885704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1335","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2467","volume":"96","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-972X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"58_41226586","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0703","volume":"166","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0804-4643","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"59_22872153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02279","volume":"155","author":"Peeters","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0804-4643","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"9","key":"60_36135784","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2009.22.9.845","volume":"22","author":"Turkkahraman","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of pediatric endocrinology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0334-018X","issn-type":"print"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/eje.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/eje\/168\/1\/R1.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/eje.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/eje\/168\/1\/R1.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T11:28:38Z","timestamp":1676374118000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejendo\/article\/168\/1\/R1\/6659649"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje-12-0656","relation":{},"ISSN":["0804-4643","1479-683X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0804-4643","type":"print"},{"value":"1479-683X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}}}