{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T05:28:08Z","timestamp":1782278888588,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bioscientifica.com\/journals\/reuselicenceeje\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Few studies have determined the effects of more than 5\u201310 years of GH replacement in adults on body composition and cardiovascular risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design\/patients<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this prospective, single-center, open-label study, the effects of 15 years of GH replacement on body composition and cardiovascular risk factors were determined in 156 hypopituitary adults (93 men) with adult-onset GH deficiency (GHD). Mean age was 50.5 (range 22\u201374) years at study start. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean initial GH dose of 0.55 (<jats:sc>s.e.m<\/jats:sc>. 0.03) mg\/day was gradually lowered to 0.40 (0.01) mg\/day after 15 years. The mean serum IGF1 SDS increased from \u22121.53 (0.10) at baseline to 0.74 (0.13) at study end (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001 vs baseline). Lean soft tissue (LST) increased to 3% above the baseline level at study end (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001). After a 9% decrease during the first year of treatment (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001 vs baseline), body fat (BF) started to increase and had returned to the baseline level after 15 years. Serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol decreased and serum HDL-cholesterol level increased. Fasting plasma glucose increased from 4.4 (0.1) at baseline to 4.8 (0.1) mmol\/l at study end (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001). However, blood HbA1c decreased from 5.0 (0.1) to 4.6 (0.1) % (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifteen-year GH replacement in GHD adults induced a transient decrease in BF and sustained improvements of LST and serum lipid profile. Fasting plasma glucose increased whereas blood HbA1c was reduced.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-12-1083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,22]],"date-time":"2013-02-22T04:29:25Z","timestamp":1361507365000},"page":"745-753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Fifteen years of GH replacement improves body composition and cardiovascular risk factors"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"Mariam","family":"Elbornsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galina","family":"G\u00f6therstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingvar","family":"Bos\u00e6us","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bengt-\u00c5ke","family":"Bengtsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gudmundur","family":"Johannsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Svensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1_15883786","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-16-1-63","volume":"16","author":"BOER","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0163-769X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"8710","key":"2_9121924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91812-O","volume":"336","author":"Ros\u00a0\u00a0n","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0140-6736","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"9254","key":"3_11050889","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04006-X","volume":"357","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0140-6736","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_18731325","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01817","volume":"152","author":"Boguszewski","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0804-4643","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"5_40625321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0558","volume":"166","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0804-4643","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"6_18169023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030346","volume":"89","author":"Hoffman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; 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