{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:23:41Z","timestamp":1791177821751,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We estimated the prevalence of nocturnal intermittent hypoxia, a surrogate marker of obstructive sleep apnoea, among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and examined the association between nocturnal intermittent hypoxia and microvascular diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We recruited 513 Japanese patients (292 men and 221 women) with T2DM. Nocturnal intermittent hypoxia was diagnosed using the 3% oxygen desaturation index, with less than five events per hour corresponding to normal and five events or more per hour corresponding to nocturnal intermittent hypoxia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of nocturnal intermittent hypoxia was 45.4% among T2DM patients. The nocturnal intermittent hypoxia group was older and had a higher BMI, greater weight change since the age of 20 years, higher smoking rate and increased prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria. Microalbuminuria (model 1: odds ratio (OR), 3.41; 95% CI, 1.85\u20136.40; model 2: OR, 3.69; 95% CI, 1.85\u20137.59 and model 3: OR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.45\u20136.95) and nephropathy (model 1: OR, 4.51; 95% CI, 1.58\u201315.1; model 2: OR, 7.31; 95% CI, 2.11\u201331.6 and model 3: OR, 5.23; 95% CI, 1.45\u201323.8) were derived as factors from all the three statistical models and constantly associated with nocturnal intermittent hypoxia only in women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nocturnal intermittent hypoxia was highly prevalent among T2DM patients and may be an independent associated risk factor for microalbuminuria in Japanese women with T2DM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-13-0086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,24]],"date-time":"2013-05-24T01:13:51Z","timestamp":1369358031000},"page":"239-246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Nocturnal intermittent hypoxia as an associated risk factor for microalbuminuria in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes 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