{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T21:28:04Z","timestamp":1696368484570},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little is known about the function of the ovarian neuronal network in humans. In many species, copulation influences endocrinology through this network. As a first step, the possible influence of ovarian mechanical manipulation on pituitary and ovarian hormones was evaluated in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and regularly cycling women. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective case\u2013control study (2008\u20132010).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten PCOS women (Rotterdam criteria) undergoing ovulation induction with recombinant-FSH and ten normal ovulatory controls were included in an academic fertility clinic. In the late follicular phase blood was drawn every 10\u200amin for 6\u200ah. After 3\u200ah the ovaries were mechanically manipulated by moving a transvaginal ultrasound probe firmly over each ovary ten times. Main outcome measures were LH and FSH pulsatility and ovarian hormones before and after ovarian manipulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All PCOS patients showed an LH decline after the ovarian manipulation (before 13.0\u200aU\/l and after 10.4\u200aU\/l, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01), probably based on a combination of a longer LH pulse interval and smaller amplitude (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.07). The controls showed no LH change (before 9.6\u200aU\/l and after 9.3\u200aU\/l, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.67). None of the ovarian hormones (estradiol, progesterone, anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone, inhibin B, androstenedione and testosterone) changed in either group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ovarian mechanical manipulation lowers LH secretion immediately and typically only in preovulatory PCOS patients. The immediate LH change after the ovarian manipulation without any accompanying ovarian hormonal changes point to nonhormonal communication from the ovaries to the pituitary. A neuronal pathway from the ovaries communicating to the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary system is the most reasonable explanation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-13-0334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]],"date-time":"2013-08-01T04:16:21Z","timestamp":1375330581000},"page":"503-510","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Influence of ovarian manipulation on reproductive endocrinology in polycystic ovarian syndrome and regularly cycling women"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"169","author":[{"given":"M L","family":"Hendriks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"K\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R S","family":"Soleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Korsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Schats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P G A","family":"Hompes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Homburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C B","family":"Lambalk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1_17966410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh098","volume":"19","author":"The Rotterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-sponsored PCOS consensus","year":"2004","journal-title":"Human Reproduction","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0268-1161","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"2_23484630","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dml058","volume":"13","year":"2007","journal-title":"Human Reproduction Update","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1355-4786","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"3_41007310","first-page":"165","volume":"22","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of reproduction and fertility. 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