{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T07:15:53Z","timestamp":1761981353776,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pubertal gynaecomastia is a frequent phenomenon occurring in 20\u201340% of otherwise healthy adolescent boys. Little is known about the aetiology of pubertal gynaecomastia. Markedly elevated thyroid hormone levels in adults with hyperthyroidism are associated with gynaecomastia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional examination of 444 healthy boys with and without pubertal gynaecomastia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated TSH, triiodothyronine (T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>), thyroxine (T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>), free T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and free T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> in a cohort of healthy boys with and without pubertal gynaecomastia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Boys with gynaecomastia had significantly higher serum free T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, even after correction for age, BMI and pubertal stage. After inclusion of IGF1 in the model the differences disappeared. TSH, T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, free T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> did not differ between the groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We speculate that the GH\/IGF1 axis and thyroid hormones interact and influence the development of pubertal gynaecomastia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-13-0847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,25]],"date-time":"2014-06-25T04:05:42Z","timestamp":1403669142000},"page":"193-198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Elevated serum levels of free triiodothyronine in adolescent boys with gynaecomastia compared with controls"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Mikkel G","family":"Mieritz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaspar","family":"Sorensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lise","family":"Aksglaede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Mouritsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Casper P","family":"Hagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Hilsted","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna-Maria","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Juul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"1_48095754","first-page":"793","volume":"6","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0365-1436","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"2_42117537","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2011-300584","volume":"97","year":"2012","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-9888","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"3_48095755","first-page":"490","volume":"7","year":"1993","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0028-4793","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"4_48095756","first-page":"277","volume":"2","year":"1968","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; 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