{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T01:04:31Z","timestamp":1793149471531,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the effect of long-term exposure to air pollution on type 2 diabetes risk, a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Literature search was conducted with Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science for prospective cohort studies investigating the association of type 2 diabetes risk with increments in particulate matter (PM, diameter &lt;2.5\u200a\u03bcm (PM2.5) or &lt;10\u200a\u03bcm (PM10)) or nitrogen dioxide (NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>). We used a random-effects model to calculate the overall relative risk (RR) with 95% CI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 808 identified articles, ten cohort studies were finally included, which involved a total of 2\u200a371\u200a907 participants and 21\u200a095 incident cases of type 2 diabetes. Elevated risk of type 2 diabetes was significantly associated with long-term exposures to high levels of PM2.5 (RR=1.28, 95% CI 1.06\u20131.55,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.009,<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=83.5%), PM10 (RR=1.15, 95% CI 1.02\u20131.30,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.022,<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=0%), and NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(RR=1.12, 95% CI 1.02\u20131.23,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.015,<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=63.5%). When using standardized risk estimates, the RRs of type 2 diabetes were significant for increments in concentrations of PM2.5 (1.39 per 10 \u03bcg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>increment, 95% CI 1.14\u20131.68,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.001), PM10 (1.34 per 10 \u03bcg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>increment, 95% CI 1.22\u20131.47,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), and NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(1.11 per 10\u200a\u03bcg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>increment, 95% CI 1.07\u20131.16,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001). No obvious evidence of publication bias was observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Long-term exposure to high levels of main air pollutants is significantly associated with elevated risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-14-0365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,9]],"date-time":"2014-10-09T03:21:50Z","timestamp":1412824910000},"page":"R173-R182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":152,"title":["MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Effect of long-term exposure to air pollution on type 2 diabetes mellitus risk: a systemic review and meta-analysis of cohort 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